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      Bayesian inference of population expansions in domestic bovines

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          Abstract

          The past population dynamics of four domestic and one wild species of bovine were estimated using Bayesian skyline plots, a coalescent Markov chain Monte Carlo method that does not require an assumed parametric model of demographic history. Four domestic species share a recent rapid population expansion not visible in the wild African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer). The estimated timings of the expansions are consistent with the archaeological records of domestication.

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          Most cited references19

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          Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison.

          The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.
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            Evidence for two independent domestications of cattle.

            The origin and taxonomic status of domesticated cattle are controversial. Zebu and taurine breeds are differentiated primarily by the presence or absence of a hump and have been recognized as separate species (Bos indicus and Bos taurus). However, the most widely held view is that both types of cattle derive from a single domestication event 8000-10,000 years ago. We have examined mtDNA sequences from representatives of six European (taurine) breeds, three Indian (zebu) breeds, and four African (three zebu, one taurine) breeds. Similar levels of average sequence divergence were observed among animals within each of the major continental groups: 0.41% (European), 0.38% (African), and 0.42% (Indian). However, the sequences fell into two very distinct geographic lineages that do not correspond with the taurine-zebu dichotomy: all European and African breeds are in one lineage, and all Indian breeds are in the other. There was little indication of breed clustering within either lineage. Application of a molecular clock suggests that the two major mtDNA clades diverged at least 200,000, and possibly as much as 1 million, years ago. This relatively large divergence is interpreted most simply as evidence for two separate domestication events, presumably of different subspecies of the aurochs, Bos primigenius. The clustering of all African zebu mtDNA sequences within the taurine lineage is attributed to ancestral crossbreeding with the earlier B. taurus inhabitants of the continent.
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              DNA markers reveal the complexity of livestock domestication.

              A series of recent genetic studies has revealed the remarkably complex picture of domestication in both New World and Old World livestock. By comparing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of modern breeds with their potential wild and domestic ancestors, we have gained new insights into the timing and location of domestication events that produced the farm animals of today. The real surprise has been the high number of domestication events and the diverse locations in which they took place - factors which could radically change our approach to conserving livestock biodiversity resources in the future.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biol Lett
                RSBL
                Biology Letters
                The Royal Society (London )
                1744-9561
                1744-957X
                29 May 2007
                22 August 2007
                : 3
                : 4
                : 449-452
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
                [2 ]Institute of Genetics, University of Berne 3001 Berne, Switzerland
                [3 ]Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), 31535-1897 Karaj Iran
                [4 ]Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University 3179 Rasht, Iran
                [5 ]Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100094, China
                [6 ]Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
                [7 ]Animal Production Department Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University Minia, Egypt
                [8 ]Cardiff Centre for Lifelong Learning, Cardiff CF10 3XQ UK
                [9 ]Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Author for correspondence ( emmafinlay@ 123456gmail.com )
                Article
                rsbl20070146
                10.1098/rsbl.2007.0146
                2111054
                17535790
                ae3e3ecc-1229-4dd8-a7e4-affc7e510847
                Copyright © 2007 The Royal Society

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 March 2007
                : 2 April 2007
                : 2 April 2007
                Categories
                Research Article

                Life sciences
                demographic history,bovines,expansion,domestication
                Life sciences
                demographic history, bovines, expansion, domestication

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