105
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Alterations in blood glucose and plasma glucagon concentrations during deep brain stimulation in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens in rats

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an effective therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and is currently under investigation as a treatment for eating disorders. DBS of this area is associated with altered food intake and pharmacological treatment of OCD is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore we examined if DBS of the NAc-shell (sNAc) influences glucose metabolism. Male Wistar rats were subjected to DBS, or sham stimulation, for a period of 1 h. To assess the effects of stimulation on blood glucose and glucoregulatory hormones, blood samples were drawn before, during and after stimulation. Subsequently, all animals were used for quantitative assessment of Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) using computerized image analysis. DBS of the sNAc rapidly increased plasma concentrations of glucagon and glucose while sham stimulation and DBS outside the sNAc were ineffective. In addition, the increase in glucose was dependent on DBS intensity. In contrast, the DBS-induced increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations was independent of intensity and region, indicating that the observed DBS-induced metabolic changes were not due to corticosterone release. Stimulation of the sNAc with 200 μA increased Fos immunoreactivity in the LHA compared to sham or 100 μA stimulated animals. These data show that DBS of the sNAc alters glucose metabolism in a region- and intensity- dependent manner in association with neuronal activation in the LHA. Moreover, these data illustrate the need to monitor changes in glucose metabolism during DBS-treatment of OCD patients.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.

          Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that affects 2% of the general population. Even when the best available treatments are applied, approximately 10% of patients remain severely afflicted and run a long-term deteriorating course of OCD. To determine whether bilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens is an effective and safe treatment for treatment-refractory OCD. The study consisted of an open 8-month treatment phase, followed by a double-blind crossover phase with randomly assigned 2-week periods of active or sham stimulation, ending with an open 12-month maintenance phase. Academic research. Patients Sixteen patients (age range, 18-65 years) with OCD according to DSM-IV criteria meeting stringent criteria for refractoriness to treatment were included in the study. Treatment with bilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Primary efficacy was assessed by score change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Responders were defined by a score decrease of at least 35% on the Y-BOCS. In the open phase, the mean (SD) Y-BOCS score decreased by 46%, from 33.7 (3.6) at baseline to 18.0 (11.4) after 8 months (P < .001). Nine of 16 patients were responders, with a mean (SD) Y-BOCS score decrease of 23.7 (7.0), or 72%. In the double-blind, sham-controlled phase (n = 14), the mean (SD) Y-BOCS score difference between active and sham stimulation was 8.3 (2.3), or 25% (P = .004). Depression and anxiety decreased significantly. Except for mild forgetfulness and word-finding problems, no permanent adverse events were reported. Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens may be an effective and safe treatment for treatment-refractory OCD. isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN23255677.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior.

            The goals of this article are to suggest a basic wiring diagram for the motor neural network that controls motivated behavior, and to provide a model for the organization of cerebral hemisphere inputs to this network. Cerebral projections mediate voluntary regulation of a behavior control column in the ventromedial upper brainstem that includes (from rostral to caudal) the medial preoptic, anterior hypothalamic, descending paraventricular, ventromedial, and premammillary nuclei, the mammillary body, and finally the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. The rostral segment of this column is involved in controlling ingestive (eating and drinking) and social (defensive and reproductive) behaviors, whereas the caudal segment is involved in controlling general exploratory or foraging behaviors (with locomotor and orienting components) that are required for obtaining any particular goal object. Virtually all parts of the cerebral hemispheres contribute to a triple descending projection - with cortical excitatory, striatal inhibitory, and pallidal disinhibitory components - to specific parts of the behavior control column. The functional dynamics of this circuitry remain to be established.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              On the significance of subterritories in the "accumbens" part of the rat ventral striatum.

              Although many workers have appreciated the striking cytologic and neurochemical similarities of neostriatum, accumbens and olfactory tubercle, a compelling case for regarding these areas as territories in a striatal complex awaited the arguments made by Heimer and his colleagues based on their investigations of connections. A number of recent papers support this viewpoint and extend it with the characterization of three accumbal subterritories: core, shell and rostral pole. The case for separate classifications of systems traversing the accumbens has become more compelling with each study that demonstrates connectional, cytoarchitectural and neurochemical specificity conforming to the boundaries separating the core and its downstream targets from the shell and its projection fields. Furthermore, its apparent composite of core-like and shell-like characteristics distinguishes the rostral pole as yet another unique subterritory. Differences in compartmental organization distinguish the accumbens and neostriatum. The available data are consistent with the periventricular and rostrolateral enkephalin-rich zones being ventralmost parts of the neostriatal patch and matrix compartments, respectively. The accumbal cell cluster compartment, on the other hand, appears to be a separate entity, with connectional and neurochemical features that are dissimilar to both patch and matrix of neostriatum. Boundaries between the accumbens and caudate-putamen remain elusive, and the point of view that such boundaries do not exist but, rather, are represented by "transition zones" must to a large degree reflect the reality. Likewise, it is important to acknowledge that the boundaries between accumbal subterritories are not necessarily distinct or observed faithfully by all of the afferent systems. "Transition zones" appear to be particularly significant organizational features in rostral and lateral parts of the accumbens. Interestingly, histochemically distinct cell clusters tend to be numerous in boundary regions between adjacent territories and subterritories. The predominant organizational pattern appears to be one in which the core, shell and rostral pole engage different forebrain systems that possibly subserve entirely different functions mediated by distantly related mechanisms. In this regard, it is of paramount interest that the processing of information conveyed to the accumbens by diverse cortical and subcortical inputs occurs within distinct and perhaps very different dopaminergic environments in the core, shell and rostral pole (e.g., see Refs 24, 34, 90, 110).
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Front Neurosci
                Front Neurosci
                Front. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-4548
                1662-453X
                10 December 2013
                2013
                : 7
                : 226
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
                [2] 2Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
                [3] 3Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
                [4] 4Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
                [5] 5Department of Neuromodulation and Behaviour, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands
                [6] 6Department of Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands
                Author notes

                Edited by: Heike Muenzberg-Gruening, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, USA

                Reviewed by: Ronald M. Harper, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA; Kirsteen Browning, Penn State College of Medicine, USA

                *Correspondence: Charlene Diepenbroek, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, F2-131-1, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands e-mail: c.diepenbroek@ 123456amc.uva.nl

                This article was submitted to Autonomic Neuroscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.

                † These authors have contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                10.3389/fnins.2013.00226
                3857552
                ae481f98-2531-4bfe-a05c-4e7418d1c572
                Copyright © 2013 Diepenbroek, van der Plasse, Eggels, Rijnsburger, Feenstra, Kalsbeek, Denys, Fliers, Serlie and la Fleur.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 25 July 2013
                : 06 November 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 8, Words: 5937
                Categories
                Neurology
                Original Research Article

                Neurosciences
                glucoregulatory hormones,deep brain stimulation (dbs),lateral hypothalamic area,glucose,neural activity,nucleus accumbens shell

                Comments

                Comment on this article