11
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      First report of an Onchocercidae worm infecting Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai sandfly, a putative vector of Leishmania braziliensis in the Amazon

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Sandflies are insects of public health interest due to their role as vectors of parasites of the genus Leishmania, as well as other pathogens. Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai is considered an important sylvatic vector of Leishmania ( Viannia) braziliensis in Amazonia. In this study, sandflies were collected in a forested area in the Xapuri municipality, in the State of Acre (Northern Brazil). Two Ps. carrerai carrerai females were found parasitized with a larval form of a filarial worm, one in the labium of the proboscis, the other after the head was squashed, suggesting they were infective larvae. Sandflies were identified through morphological characters as well as amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase gene (COI). This was the first sequence obtained for Ps. carrerai carrerai for this marker. The obtained nematodes were also characterized through direct sequencing of a fragment of COI and 12S genes, both mitochondrial, and ITS1, a nuclear marker. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the filarial nematodes belong to a species without sequences for these markers in the database, part of family Onchocercidade and closely related to genus Onchocerca (12S tree). Although sandfly infection with nematodes including members of the Onchocercidae has been reported in the Old World, this is the first report of sandfly infection by a member of the Onchocercidae family in the New World, to the best of our knowledge. Considering that the phylogenetic relationships and location in the insect, it can be expected that this is a parasite of mammals and the transmission cycle should be clarified.

          Related collections

          Most cited references40

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          A phylogenetic analysis of filarial nematodes: comparison with the phylogeny of Wolbachia endosymbionts.

          Infection with the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia is widespread in filarial nematodes. Previous studies have suggested concordance between the phylogeny of Wolbachia with that of their nematode hosts. However, there is only one published molecular phylogenetic study of filarial species, based on the 5S rRNA gene spacer. The phylogeny proposed by this study is partially incongruent with previous classifications of filarial nematodes, based on morphological characters. Furthermore, both traditional classifications and molecular phylogenies are, in part, inconsistent with the phylogeny of Wolbachia. Here we report mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences for 11 species of filaria and for another spirurid nematode which was included as an outgroup. In addition, 16S rRNA, wsp and ftsZ gene sequences were generated for the Wolbachia of several filarial species, in order to complete the available data sets and further resolve the phylogeny of Wolbachia in nematodes. We used these data to evaluate whether nematode and Wolbachia phylogenies are concordant. Some of the possible phylogenetic reconstructions based on COI gene were congruent with the phylogeny of Wolbachia and supported the grouping of the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis with the lymphatic filariae (i.e. Brugia spp. and Wuchereria spp.) and the sister group relationship of Dirofilaria spp. and Onchocerca spp. However, the placement of the Wolbachia-free filaria Acanthocheilonema viteae is ambiguous and dependent on the phylogenetic methods used.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Shaking the Tree: Multi-locus Sequence Typing Usurps Current Onchocercid (Filarial Nematode) Phylogeny

            During the past twenty years, a number of molecular analyses have been performed to determine the evolutionary relationships of Onchocercidae, a family of filarial nematodes encompassing several species of medical or veterinary importance. However, opportunities for broad taxonomic sampling have been scarce, and analyses were based mainly on 12S rDNA and coxI gene sequences. While being suitable for species differentiation, these mitochondrial genes cannot be used to infer phylogenetic hypotheses at higher taxonomic levels. In the present study, 48 species, representing seven of eight subfamilies within the Onchocercidae, were sampled and sequences of seven gene loci (nuclear and mitochondrial) analysed, resulting in the hitherto largest molecular phylogenetic investigation into this family. Although our data support the current hypothesis that the Oswaldofilariinae, Waltonellinae and Icosiellinae subfamilies separated early from the remaining onchocercids, Setariinae was recovered as a well separated clade. Dirofilaria, Loxodontofilaria and Onchocerca constituted a strongly supported clade despite belonging to different subfamilies (Onchocercinae and Dirofilariinae). Finally, the separation between Splendidofilariinae, Dirofilariinae and Onchocercinae will have to be reconsidered.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Case report: First evidence of human zoonotic infection by Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida, Onchocercidae).

              In the past decades, cases of canine ocular onchocercosis have been reported worldwide, particularly in the United States and Europe. Onchocerca lupi, originally described from a wolf, has been implicated in some of these cases, and its zoonotic role has been hypothesized on the basis of the reexamination of two cases of human ocular onchocerciasis. In the present study, we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of O. lupi in the subconjunctival region of the human eye in a patient from Turkey. The nematode was identified as O. lupi based on its morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of partial cox1 and 12S ribosomal DNA genes. The results suggest that O. lupi should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other eye parasitic infections in humans. The role of dogs as natural hosts of O. lupi and the vectors of this zoonotic parasite need to be investigated.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tans@cpqam.fiocruz.br
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                17 September 2020
                17 September 2020
                2020
                : 10
                : 15246
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.11899.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0722, Public Health School, Epidemiology Department, , University of São Paulo, ; São Paulo, Brazil
                [2 ]GRID grid.418068.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0723 0931, Entomology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, ; Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
                [3 ]GRID grid.418068.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0723 0931, National Center of Lymphatic Filariasis, Parasitology Department, Aggeu Magalhães, Institute, , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, ; Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
                [4 ]Laboratory of Hospital Otávio de Freitas – Department of Health of the State of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
                [5 ]GRID grid.411227.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0670 7996, Federal University of Pernambuco, Núcleo de Ciências da Vida - Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, ; Caruaru, Pernambuco Brazil
                [6 ]Federal Institute of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre Brazil
                [7 ]GRID grid.412369.b, Center for Health and Sport Sciences, , Federal University of Acre, ; Rio Branco, Acre Brazil
                [8 ]GRID grid.10772.33, ISNI 0000000121511713, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), , Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), ; Lisboa, Portugal
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-6085
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-4643
                Article
                72065
                10.1038/s41598-020-72065-9
                7498610
                32943684
                ae5a70ad-212e-4fa9-a76a-dbc9ecda98ed
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 23 November 2017
                : 23 August 2020
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Uncategorized
                entomology,parasitic infection
                Uncategorized
                entomology, parasitic infection

                Comments

                Comment on this article