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      Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thermoelectric Materials and Devices

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          Complex thermoelectric materials.

          Thermoelectric materials, which can generate electricity from waste heat or be used as solid-state Peltier coolers, could play an important role in a global sustainable energy solution. Such a development is contingent on identifying materials with higher thermoelectric efficiency than available at present, which is a challenge owing to the conflicting combination of material traits that are required. Nevertheless, because of modern synthesis and characterization techniques, particularly for nanoscale materials, a new era of complex thermoelectric materials is approaching. We review recent advances in the field, highlighting the strategies used to improve the thermopower and reduce the thermal conductivity.
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            Ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit in SnSe crystals.

            The thermoelectric effect enables direct and reversible conversion between thermal and electrical energy, and provides a viable route for power generation from waste heat. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials is dictated by the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT (where Z is the figure of merit and T is absolute temperature), which governs the Carnot efficiency for heat conversion. Enhancements above the generally high threshold value of 2.5 have important implications for commercial deployment, especially for compounds free of Pb and Te. Here we report an unprecedented ZT of 2.6 ± 0.3 at 923 K, realized in SnSe single crystals measured along the b axis of the room-temperature orthorhombic unit cell. This material also shows a high ZT of 2.3 ± 0.3 along the c axis but a significantly reduced ZT of 0.8 ± 0.2 along the a axis. We attribute the remarkably high ZT along the b axis to the intrinsically ultralow lattice thermal conductivity in SnSe. The layered structure of SnSe derives from a distorted rock-salt structure, and features anomalously high Grüneisen parameters, which reflect the anharmonic and anisotropic bonding. We attribute the exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivity (0.23 ± 0.03 W m(-1) K(-1) at 973 K) in SnSe to the anharmonicity. These findings highlight alternative strategies to nanostructuring for achieving high thermoelectric performance.
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              New one-dimensional conductors: Graphitic microtubules.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advanced Materials
                Adv. Mater.
                Wiley
                09359648
                March 2018
                March 2018
                January 22 2018
                : 30
                : 11
                : 1704386
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Chemistry and Nanoscience Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden CO 80401-3305 USA
                [2 ]Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-3003 USA
                Article
                10.1002/adma.201704386
                ae67bdb7-b251-4d64-acb0-1bbd1afcbc95
                © 2018

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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