Psychometric Properties of Parent Outcome Measures Used in RCTs of Antenatal and Early Years Parent Programs: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

Parenting programs are effective in the early intervention and treatment of children’s social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. However, inconsistency in the use of outcome measures limits the comparability of programs and creates challenges for practitioners seeking to monitor progress of families in their care. A systematic review was conducted to identify measures, appraise their psychometric properties and ease of implementation, with the overall objective of recommending a small battery of measures for use by researchers and practitioners. This article provides an overview of the most commonly used measures in experimental evaluations of parenting programs delivered to parents of children up to, and including, the age of 5 years (including antenatal programs). An in-depth appraisal of the psychometric properties and ease of implementation of parent outcome measures is also presented (findings in relation to child and dyadic outcome measures are presented elsewhere). Following a systematic search, 64 measures were identified as being used in three or more of 279 included evaluation studies. Data on the psychometric properties of 18 parent outcome measures were synthesised from 87 development and validation studies. Whilst it was not possible to identify a definitive battery of recommended measures, we are able to recommend specific measures that could be prioritised in further research and development and hold promise for those seeking to monitor the outcomes of parents and children in receipt of parenting programs.

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Most cited references 105

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J Cox, J. Holden, R Sagovsky (1987)

The development of a 10-item self-report scale (EPDS) to screen for Postnatal Depression in the community is described. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for depressive illness obtained from Goldberg's Standardised Psychiatric Interview. The EPDS was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, and was also sensitive to change in the severity of depression over time. The scale can be completed in about 5 minutes and has a simple method of scoring. The use of the EPDS in the secondary prevention of Postnatal Depression is discussed.

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Severity classification on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Mark Zimmerman, Jennifer H Martinez, Diane Young … (2013)

Symptom severity as a moderator of treatment response has been the subject of debate over the past 20 years. Each of the meta- and mega-analyses examining the treatment significance of depression severity used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), wholly, or in part, to define severity, though the cutoff used to define severe depression varied. There is limited empirical research establishing cutoff scores for bands of severity on the HAMD. The goal of the study is to empirically establish cutoff scores on the HAMD in their allocation of patients to severity groups. Six hundred twenty-seven outpatients with current major depressive disorder were evaluated with a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Scores on the 17-item HAMD were derived from ratings according to the conversion method described by Endicott et al. (1981). The patients were also rated on the Clinical Global Index of Severity (CGI). Receiver operating curves were computed to identify the cutoff that optimally discriminated between patients with mild vs. moderate and moderate vs. severe depression. HAMD scores were significantly lower in patients with mild depression than patients with moderate depression, and patients with moderate depression scored significantly lower than patients with severe depression. The cutoff score on the HAMD that maximized the sum of sensitivity and specificity was 17 for the comparison of mild vs. moderate depression and 24 for the comparison of moderate vs. severe depression. The present study was conducted in a single outpatient practice in which the majority of patients were white, female, and had health insurance. Although the study was limited to a single site, a strength of the recruitment procedure was that the sample was not selected for participation in a treatment study, and exclusion and inclusion criteria did not reduce the representativeness of the patient groups. The analyses were based on HAMD scores extracted from ratings on the SADS. However, we used Endicott et al.'s (1981) empirically established formula for deriving a HAMD score from SADS ratings, and our results concurred with other small studies of the mean and median HAMD scores in severity groups. Based on this large study of psychiatric outpatients with major depressive disorder we recommend the following severity ranges for the HAMD: no depression (0-7); mild depression (8-16); moderate depression (17-23); and severe depression (≥24). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A Measure of Parenting Satisfaction and Efficacy

Charlotte Johnston, Eric Mash (1989)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Sarah L. Blower:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-9995

sarah.blower@york.ac.uk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

Title: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 1096-4037

ISSN (Electronic): 1573-2827

Publication date (Electronic): 22 February 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 22 February 2019

Publication date (Print): 2019

Volume: 22

Issue: 3

Pages: 367-387

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9668, GRID grid.5685.e, Department of Health Sciences, , University of York, ; York, YO10 5DD UK

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8403, GRID grid.9909.9, Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, , University of Leeds, ; Leeds, UK

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0745 8880, GRID grid.10346.30, Present Address: Carnegie School of Education, , Leeds Beckett University, ; Leeds, UK

Author information

Sarah L. Blower http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-9995

Nicole Gridley http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-5502

Abby Dunn http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-8413

Tracey Bywater http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-8753

Zoe Hindson http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7690-4098

Article

Publisher ID: 276

DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00276-2

PMC ID: 6669247

PubMed ID: 30796674

SO-VID: ae7adf19-c340-4a23-8ebf-f48f3097e830

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001921, Public Health Research Programme;

Award ID: E-SEE trial, ref: 13/93/10

Award Recipient : Tracey Bywater

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

Keywords: systematic review,outcome measures,parenting,psychometric properties,cosmin

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

Keywords: systematic review, outcome measures, parenting, psychometric properties, cosmin

Psychometric Properties of Parent Outcome Measures Used in RCTs of Antenatal and Early Years Parent Programs: A Systematic Review

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Most cited references 105

Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Severity classification on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

A Measure of Parenting Satisfaction and Efficacy

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