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      Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Antibodies in a Low-Endemicity Area Using Indirect Immunofluorescence and Circumoval Precipitin Test

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          Abstract

          Parasitological diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis lack sensitivity, especially in regions of low endemicity. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections by antibody detection using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA-IgM) and circumoval precipitin test (COPT). Serum samples of 572 individuals were randomly selected. The IFA-IgM and COPT were used to detect anti-S. mansoni antibodies. Of the patients studied, 15.9% (N = 91) were IFA-IgM positive and 5.1% (N = 29) had COPT reactions (P < 0.001 by McNemar's test). Immunodiagnostic techniques showed higher infection prevalence than had been previously estimated. This study suggests that combined use of these diagnostic tools could be useful for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in epidemiological studies in areas of low endemicity.

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          The global status of schistosomiasis and its control.

          L Chitsulo, D Engels, A Montresor … (2000)
          Schistosomiasis is being successfully controlled in many countries but remains a major public health problem, with an estimated 200 million people infected, mostly in Africa. Few countries in this region have undertaken successful and sustainable control programmes. The construction of water schemes to meet the power and agricultural requirements for development have lead to increasing transmission, especially of Schistosoma mansoni. Increasing population and movement have contributed to increased transmission and introduction of schistosomiasis to new areas. Most endemic countries are among the least developed whose health systems face difficulties to provide basic care at the primary health level. Constraints to control include, the lack of political commitment and infrastructure for public health interventions. Another constraint is that available anti-schistosomal drugs are expensive and the cost of individual treatment is a high proportion of the per capita drug budgets. There is need for increased support for schistosomiasis control in the most severely affected countries.
          Article 0 comments Cited 308 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Day-to-day egg count fluctuation in Schistosoma mansoni infection and its operational implications.

            E Sinzinkayo, D Engels, B Gryseels (1996)
            In a study group of 183 people in a Schistosoma mansoni-endemic area in Burundi, stool examinations were performed with duplicate 25-mg Kato-Katz slides on seven occasions (days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 32, and 37). Point prevalences detected by single examinations of 25 mg and 50 mg of stool varied from 41.0% to 57.9% and from 55.7% to 63.9%, respectively. The cumulative prevalence for all seven measurements was 82.0%. The individual day-to-day variation in egg output was important. The majority of infections missed by the examination of single slides and specimens were light ones. The Kato-Katz method applied on a single stool specimen is more suitable for morbidity control, but less suitable for control of infection. When a precise quantitative diagnosis on the individual level is required, several measurements on different days are necessary. The data presented validate recently developed statistical models and charts predicting true prevalences.
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              Immunodiagnosis and its role in schistosomiasis control in China: a review.

              Yin-Chang Zhu (2015)
              Parasitological techniques (stool examination and/or urine filtration) are still the diagnosis of choice in national schistosomiasis control programmes the world over. However, the success of current control efforts, mainly due to the large-scale administration of praziquantel, emphasises the need for a more sensitive approach. In addition, microscopy is labour-intensive and time-consuming, while declining compliance rates after repeated chemotherapy make good coverage for the long-term increasingly problematic. China's success in the control of schistosomiasis is contributing to an enhanced understanding of the need for better and more sensitive screening methods. Immunodiagnostic techniques have a high sensitivity, are easy to perform and are an excellent epidemiological tool for the screening of target populations in schistosome-endemic areas. These assays are also useful for the surveillance of cure after chemotherapy, and for periodic control of transmission of the infection after it has been eliminated in an area. A succinct historical background of using immunodiagnosis for schistosomiasis japonica in China is given, together with a review and evaluation of the relative efficacy of the main techniques applied, i.e. the intradermal test, the circumoval precipitation test, the indirect hemagglutination assay, the dye dipstick immunoassay and different kinds of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applications. The important role of immunodiagnosis in the screening for schistosomiasis in China is discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
                Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
                ISSN (Print): 0002-9637
                ISSN (Electronic): 1476-1645
                Publication date Created: June 04 2014
                Publication date (Print): June 04 2014
                Volume: 90
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 1146-1152
                Article
                DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0746
                PMC ID: 4047744
                PubMed ID: 24639303
                SO-VID: ae92badb-2582-447e-8f4d-84da7388c84c
                Copyright © © 2014
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