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      Operation of Thin-Film Electrolyte Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Lightweight and Stationary Stacks: Material and Microstructural Aspects

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          Abstract

          In this study we report on the development and operational data of a metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell with a thin film electrolyte under varying conditions. The metal-ceramic structure was developed for a mobile auxiliary power unit and offers power densities of 1 W/cm 2 at 800 °C, as well as robustness under mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses. A dense and thin yttria-doped zirconia layer was applied to a nanoporous nickel/zirconia anode using a scalable adapted gas-flow sputter process, which allowed the homogeneous coating of areas up to 100 cm 2. The cell performance is presented for single cells and for stack operation, both in lightweight and stationary stack designs. The results from short-term operation indicate that this cell technology may be a very suitable alternative for mobile applications.

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          Materials for fuel-cell technologies.

          B. Steele, A. Heinzel (2001)
          Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with high efficiency and low emission of pollutants. However, before fuel-cell technology can gain a significant share of the electrical power market, important issues have to be addressed. These issues include optimal choice of fuel, and the development of alternative materials in the fuel-cell stack. Present fuel-cell prototypes often use materials selected more than 25 years ago. Commercialization aspects, including cost and durability, have revealed inadequacies in some of these materials. Here we summarize recent progress in the search and development of innovative alternative materials.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1073 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

            Daniel J. L. Brett, Alan Atkinson, Nigel P. Brandon … (2008)
            High temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), typified by developers such as Siemens Westinghouse and Rolls-Royce, operate in the temperature region of 850-1000 degrees C. For such systems, very high efficiencies can be achieved from integration with gas turbines for large-scale stationary applications. However, high temperature operation means that the components of the stack need to be predominantly ceramic and high temperature metal alloys are needed for many balance-of-plant components. For smaller scale applications, where integration with a heat engine is not appropriate, there is a trend to move to lower temperatures of operation, into the so-called intermediate temperature (IT) range of 500-750 degrees C. This expands the choice of materials and stack geometries that can be used, offering reduced system cost and, in principle, reducing the corrosion rate of stack and system components. This review introduces the IT-SOFC and explains the advantages of operation in this temperature regime. The main advances made in materials chemistry that have made IT operation possible are described and some of the engineering issues and the new opportunities that reduced temperature operation affords are discussed. This tutorial review examines the advances being made in materials and engineering that are allowing solid oxide fuel cells to operate at lower temperature. The challenges and advantages of operating in the so-called 'intermediate temperature' range of 500-750 degrees C are discussed and the opportunities for applications not traditionally associated with solid oxide fuel cells are highlighted. This article serves as an introduction for scientists and engineers interested in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells and the challenges and opportunities of reduced temperature operation.
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              Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs): a review of an environmentally clean and efficient source of energy

              A.Boudghene Stambouli, E Traversa (2002)
              Article 0 comments Cited 147 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Douglas Ivey: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 September 2016
                Publication date Collection: September 2016
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 762
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Jülich 52425, Germany; d.sebold@ 123456fz-juelich.de (D.S.); m.bram@ 123456fz-juelich.de (M.B.); n.h.menzler@ 123456fz-juelich.de (N.M.)
                [2 ]Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-3: Electrochemical Process Engineering, Jülich 52425, Germany; u.packbier@ 123456fz-juelich.de (U.P.); q.fang@ 123456fz-juelich.de (Q.F.); l.blum@ 123456fz-juelich.de (L.B.)
                [3 ]Christian Doppler Laboratory for Interfaces in Metal-Supported Electrochemical Energy Converters, Jülich 52425, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: d.roehrens@ 123456fz-juelich.de ; Tel.: +49-2461-61-96650
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-09-00762
                DOI: 10.3390/ma9090762
                PMC ID: 5457052
                SO-VID: ae952d6b-f14c-4b21-a9bd-c89a88a9ccd2
                Copyright © © 2016 by the authors;
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 02 August 2016
                Date accepted : 02 September 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell,thin-film electrolyte,stack operation,gas-flow sputtering,diffusion barrier layers
                Data availability:
                Keywords: metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell, thin-film electrolyte, stack operation, gas-flow sputtering, diffusion barrier layers

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