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      Recovery from Hemodialysis Therapy in a Patient with Renal Cholesterol Crystal Embolism

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          Abstract

          The prognosis of renal cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) is poor, and many patients progressively develop to the end-stage of chronic renal failure. We herein experienced a 66-year-old male patient who recovered from hemodialysis (HD) shortly after an amputation of inflammatory toes. The patient complained of painful digital cyanosis at bilateral toes and livedo reticularis at right lower leg 4 weeks following aortic angiography. Laboratory examinations revealed eosinophilia and overt proteinuria (3.0 g/day). His serum creatinine level increased from 2.18 to 8.57 mg/dl over 6 weeks, and HD treatment was started. Treatment with simvastatin (5 mg/day) did not reverse renal failure and hypereosinophilia, but the amputation of right gangrene toes promptly increased urine output and eosinophilia completely disappeared concomitantly with a decline of C-reactive protein from 9.7 to 0.7 mg/dl. Serum creatinine level was also reduced to 3.46 mg/dl, and he eventually stopped HD totally after 32 sessions. This case suggested that the surgical amputation promptly recovered renal function. Reversal of inflammation may be more effective than lipid-lowering therapy for renal failure in our patient.

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          Association of road-traffic accidents with benzodiazepine use

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            Atheroembolic renal failure after invasive procedures. Natural history based on 52 histologically proven cases.

            Atheromatous plaque material containing cholesterol crystals may dislodge and cause distal ischemia. To characterize atheroembolic renal failure, we retrospectively evaluated all patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1981 to 1990 with both renal failure and histologically proven atheroembolism after angiography or cardiovascular surgery. Over the 10-year period, 52 patients were identified. They tended to be elderly men with a history of hypertension (81%), coronary artery disease (73%), peripheral vascular disease (69%), and current smoking (50%). Within 30 days of their procedure, only 50% of patients had cutaneous signs of atheroembolism, and 14% had documented blood eosinophilia. Urinalysis was often abnormal. Hemodynamically unstable patients died shortly after their procedure, yet renal function in the remainder continued to decline over 3 to 8 weeks. Patients who received dialysis had a higher baseline serum creatinine than those who did not (168 +/- 44 mumol/L versus 133 +/- 18 mumol/L, p = 0.02), with dialysis starting a median of 29 days after the procedure. Patients with renal failure due to atheroembolism alone, as opposed to multiple renal insults, were more likely to recover renal function (24% versus 3%, p = 0.03) and had a lower risk of death during the 6 months after their procedure (log-rank p = 0.002). Renal failure due to procedure-induced AE is characterized by a decline in renal function over 3 to 8 weeks. This time course is not consistent with most other iatrogenic causes of renal failure, such as radiocontrast or nephrotoxic medications, which present earlier and often resolve within 2 to 3 weeks after appropriate intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              CHOLESTEROL EMBOLI TO THE KIDNEY: AN IMMUNOPEROXIDASE STUDY

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEF
                Nephron
                10.1159/issn.1660-8151
                Nephron
                S. Karger AG
                1660-8151
                2235-3186
                2002
                September 2002
                14 August 2002
                : 92
                : 1
                : 240-243
                Affiliations
                aFirst Department of Medicine and bDialysis Unit, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, cDivision of Nephrology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
                Article
                64457 Nephron 2002;92:240–243
                10.1159/000064457
                12187114
                aea879f2-00e6-4125-ba12-3cfe49944b7e
                © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 12 September 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 2, References: 12, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Short Communication

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Inflammation,Amputation,Cholesterol emboli,Simvastatin
                Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Inflammation, Amputation, Cholesterol emboli, Simvastatin

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