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      The Groningen Radiocarbon Calibration Program

      Radiocarbon
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Abstract

          Variations in atmospheric14C content complicate the conversion of conventional14C ages BP (i.e.,years before AD 1950) into real calendar ages (AD/BC) (de Vries 1958; Willis, Tauber & Münnich 1960). These variations are indirectly observed in tree rings from European and North American wood. In recent decades, measurements made on dendrochronologically dated wood have resulted in the generally accepted Stuiver and Pearson calibration curves. These curves, together with other calibration data, were published in the first Radiocarbon Calibration Issue (Stuiver & Kra 1986), and are extended in the present Calibration Issue (Stuiver, Long & Kra 1993).

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          A Computer Program for Radiocarbon Age Calibration

          The calibration curves and tables given in this issue of RADIOCARBON form a data base ideally suited for a computerized operation. The program listed below converts a radiocarbon age and its age error os (one standard deviation) into calibrated ages (intercepts with the calibration curve), and ranges of calibrated ages that correspond to the age error. The standard deviation oC in the calibration curve is taken into account using (see Stuiver and Pearson, this issue, for details).
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            High-Precision Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale, AD 1950–500 BC

            Radiocarbon ages of dendrochronologically-dated wood spanning the last 4500 years were determined at both the Seattle and Belfast laboratories. The combined results are reported in this issue ofradiocarbonin two papers, with this paper covering the AD 1950—500 BC interval, and the twin (Pearson & Stuiver, 1986) covering the 500 BC–2500 BC interval.
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              Climatic, Solar, Oceanic, and Geomagnetic Influences on Late-Glacial and Holocene Atmospheric 14C/12C Change

              Late-glacial and Holocene 14 C/ 12 C ratios of atmospheric CO 2 vary in magnitude from a few per mil for annual/decadal pertubations to more than 10% for events lasting millennia. A data set illuminating 10- to 10 4 -yr variability refines our understanding of oceanic (climatic) versus geomagnetic or solar forcing of atmospheric 14 C/ 12 C ratios. Most of the variance in the Holocene atmospheric 14 C/ 12 C record can be attributed to the geomagnetic (millennia time scale) and solar (century time scale) influence on the flux of primary cosmic rays entering the atmosphere. Attributing the observed atmospheric 14 C/ 12 C changes to climate alone leads to ocean circulation and/or global wind speed changes incompatible with proxy records. Climate-(ocean-)related 14 C redistribution between carbon reservoirs, while evidently playing a minor role during the Holocene, may have perturbed atmospheric 14 C/ 12 C ratios measurably during the late-glacial Younger Dryas event. First-order corrections to the radiocarbon time scale (12,000–30,000 14 C yr B.P.) are calculated from adjusted lake-sediment and tree-ring records and from geomagnetically defined model 14 C histories. Paleosunspot numbers (100–9700 cal yr B.P.) are derived from the relationship of model 14 C production rates to sunspot observations. The spectral interpretation of the 14 C/ 12 C atmospheric record favors higher than average solar activity levels for the next century. Minimal evidence was found for a sun-weather relationship.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                applab
                Radiocarbon
                Radiocarbon
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0033-8222
                1945-5755
                1993
                July 2016
                : 35
                : 01
                : 231-237
                Article
                10.1017/S0033822200013916
                aeb17cda-671c-4be8-add1-ab3539781a70
                © 1993
                History

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