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      The Evolution of the Cenozoic Terrestrial Mammalian Predator Guild in South America: Competition or Replacement?

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      Journal of Mammalian Evolution
      Springer Nature

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          Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present.

          Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep-sea sediment cores. This evolution includes gradual trends of warming and cooling driven by tectonic processes on time scales of 10(5) to 10(7) years, rhythmic or periodic cycles driven by orbital processes with 10(4)- to 10(6)-year cyclicity, and rare rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients with durations of 10(3) to 10(5) years. Here, recent progress in defining the evolution of global climate over the Cenozoic Era is reviewed. We focus primarily on the periodic and anomalous components of variability over the early portion of this era, as constrained by the latest generation of deep-sea isotope records. We also consider how this improved perspective has led to the recognition of previously unforeseen mechanisms for altering climate.
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            Interspecific Killing among Mammalian Carnivores

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              Superiority, competition, and opportunism in the evolutionary radiation of dinosaurs.

              The rise and diversification of the dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, from 230 to 200 million years ago, is a classic example of an evolutionary radiation with supposed competitive replacement. A comparison of evolutionary rates and morphological disparity of basal dinosaurs and their chief "competitors," the crurotarsan archosaurs, shows that dinosaurs exhibited lower disparity and an indistinguishable rate of character evolution. The radiation of Triassic archosaurs as a whole is characterized by declining evolutionary rates and increasing disparity, suggesting a decoupling of character evolution from body plan variety. The results strongly suggest that historical contingency, rather than prolonged competition or general "superiority," was the primary factor in the rise of dinosaurs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Mammalian Evolution
                J Mammal Evol
                Springer Nature
                1064-7554
                1573-7055
                March 2013
                November 2011
                : 20
                : 1
                : 3-21
                Article
                10.1007/s10914-011-9175-9
                aed46b4e-109c-401e-a379-2b0df5bc961d
                © 2013
                History

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