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      Antiretroviral treatment and quality of life in Africans living with HIV: 12-month follow-up in Burkina Faso

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The scale-up of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a significant improvement in survival of the HIV-positive patient but its effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are less known and context-dependent. Our aim was to assess the temporal changes and factors associated with HRQOL among HIV-positive adults initiating HAART in Burkina Faso.

          Methods

          HIV-positive people initiating HAART were prospectively included and followed over a one-year period in three HIV clinics of Ouagadougou. HRQOL was assessed at baseline and at each follow-up visit using physical (PHS) and mental (MHS) summary scores derived from the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item short-form health survey (MOS SF-36) questionnaire. Toxicity related to HAART modification and self-reported symptoms were recorded during follow-up visits. Determinants associated with baseline and changes in both scores over a one-year period were assessed using a mixed linear model.

          Results

          A total of 344 patients were included. Their median age at baseline was 37 years [interquartile range (IQR) 30–44] and their median CD4 count was 181 cells/mm 3 (IQR 97–269). The mean [standard deviation (SD)] PHS score increased from 45.4 (11.1) at baseline to 60.0 (3.1) at 12 months ( p<10 −4) and the mean (SD) MHS score from 42.2 (8.7) to 43.9 (3.4) ( p<10 −2). After one year of treatment, patients that experienced on average two symptoms during follow-up presented with significantly lower PHS (63.9) and MHS (43.8) scores compared to patients that presented no symptoms with PHS and MHS of 68.2 ( p<10 −4) and 45.3 ( p<10 −3), respectively.

          Discussion

          The use of HAART was associated with a significant increase in both physical and mental aspects of the HRQOL over a 12-month period in this urban African population. Perceived symptoms experienced during follow-up visits were associated with a significant impairment in HRQOL. The appropriate and timely management of reported symptoms during the follow-up of HAART-treated patients is a key component to restore HRQOL.

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          Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes.

          I B Wilson, P D Cleary (1995)
          Our model proposes a taxonomy or classification scheme for different measures of health outcome. We divide these outcomes into five levels: biological and physiological factors, symptoms, functioning, general health perceptions, and overall quality of life. In addition to classifying these outcome measures, we propose specific causal relationships between them that link traditional clinical variables to measures of HRQL. As one moves from left to right in the model, one moves outward from the cell to the individual to the interaction of the individual as a member of society. The concepts at each level are increasingly integrated and increasingly difficult to define and measure. AT each level, there are an increasing number of inputs that cannot be controlled by clinicians or the health care system as it is traditionally defined.
          Article 0 comments Cited 526 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The French SF-36 Health Survey: translation, cultural adaptation and preliminary psychometric evaluation.

            T Perneger, A Leplege, A Marques Verdier … (1998)
            This article reports on the main developmental stages and on the preliminary psychometric assessment of the final French version of the SF-36. A standard forward/backward translation procedure was followed. When translating survey items, the emphasis was placed on conceptual equivalence. When translating response choices, we attempted to select a set of response choices that replicate the U.S. version. The distance between the response choices was checked using visual analogue scales (N = 30). The adaptation procedure also included formal ratings of the difficulty of the translation, of the quality of the translation, and of the equivalence between the American source version and the French target version. The face validity was checked during lay panel sessions at which the translated questionnaire was administered to subjects from the general public, hospital employees, and subjects with a low level of education. Standard psychometric techniques were used to evaluate the cultural adaptation of the SF-36, using data from a general population survey. The main objective of this analysis was to determine how well the scaling assumptions (summated rating or Likert-type scaling construction) of the SF-36 were satisfied. The results support the claim that the scaling properties of the French version of the SF-36 are adequate and that health outcomes may be reliably assessed using this version of the instrument.
            Article 0 comments Cited 114 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The factor structure of the SF-36 Health Survey in 10 countries: results from the IQOLA Project. International Quality of Life Assessment.

              M Bullinger, A Leplege, G Apolone … (1998)
              Studies of the factor structure of the SF-36 Health Survey are an important step in its construct validation. Its structure is also the psychometric basis for scoring physical and mental health summary scales, which are proving useful in simplifying and interpreting statistical analyses. To test the generalizability of the SF-36 factor structure, product-moment correlations among the eight SF-36 Health Survey scales were estimated for representative samples of general populations in each of 10 countries. Matrices were independently factor analyzed using identical methods to test for hypothesized physical and mental health components, and results were compared with those published for the United States. Following simple orthogonal rotation of two principal components, they were easily interpreted as dimensions of physical and mental health in all countries. These components accounted for 76% to 85% of the reliable variance in scale scores across nine European countries, in comparison with 82% in the United States. Similar patterns of correlations between the eight scales and the components were observed across all countries and across age and gender subgroups within each country. Correlations with the physical component were highest (0.64 to 0.86) for the Physical Functioning, Role Physical, and Bodily Pain scales, whereas the Mental Health, Role Emotional, and Social Functioning scales correlated highest (0.62 to 0.91) with the mental component. Secondary correlations for both clusters of scales were much lower. Scales measuring General Health and Vitality correlated moderately with both physical and mental health components. These results support the construct validity of the SF-36 translations and the scoring of physical and mental health components in all countries studied.
              Article 0 comments Cited 94 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int AIDS Soc
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Int AIDS Soc
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JIAS
                Title: Journal of the International AIDS Society
                Publisher: International AIDS Society
                ISSN (Electronic): 1758-2652
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 December 2013
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 18867
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897 – Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
                [2 ]INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897 – Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
                [3 ]Service de Médecine interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHU-YO), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                [4 ]PACCI, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Treichville, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
                [5 ]Centre médical associatif African Association Solidarity (AAS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                [6 ]Centre médical avec antenne chirurgicale de Pisssy, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                Author notes
                [§ ] Corresponding author: Antoine Jaquet, Centre de Recherche INSERM U.897, Institut de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Développement (ISPED), Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France. Tel: 33 05 57 57 95 37, Fax: 33 05 57 57 45 28. ( antoine.jaquet@ 123456isped.u-bordeaux2.fr )
                [* ]See supplementary file for details
                Article
                Publisher ID: 18867
                DOI: 10.7448/IAS.16.1.18867
                PMC ID: 3871830
                PubMed ID: 24369739
                SO-VID: aef55248-77fa-4a67-8261-c4ae91d551b1
                Copyright © © 2013 Jaquet A et al; licensee International AIDS Society
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 18 September 2013
                Date revision received : 31 October 2013
                Date accepted : 27 November 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: quality of life,hiv/aids,antiretroviral treatment,burkina faso,sub-saharan africa
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: quality of life, hiv/aids, antiretroviral treatment, burkina faso, sub-saharan africa

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