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      40 ans des Soins de Santé de Base en Tunisie d'Alma Ata à Astana. Il est temps de revitaliser la première ligne des soins Translated title: 40 years of Basic Health Care in Tunisia Alma Ata in Astana. It's time to revitalize the first line of care

      brief-report
      La Tunisie Médicale
      Societe Tunisienne Des Sciences Medicales

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          Abstract

          Afin de réajuster la politique nationale des Soins de Santé de Base (SSB) à la déclaration des Soins de Santé Primaires (SSP) d’Astana (2018), 40 ans, après celle d’Alma Ata (1978), ce papier récapitule les leçons apprises de l’expérience internationale et nationale des SSP/SSB et présente les lignes princeps de la feuille de route de la deuxième version des SSB en Tunisie. L’OMS et l’Unicef ont identifié quatre leçons de la politique des SSP: 1. Un leadership politique, donnant la priorité aux soins de première ligne. 2. Un financement suffisant garantissant la disponibilité des services de base et leur accès par la population desservie. 3. Un personnel de santé spécifiquement formé aux soins primaires, avec des conditions d'emploi dignes. 4. Une stratégie d’appui à la qualité des soins, basée sur la motivation financière et morale. En Tunisie, l’histoire des SSB a mémorisé des images de succès tels que l’organisation des séances de simulation pour la préparation de la «solution de réhydratation par voie orale», des «équipes mobiles» de visites à domicile, des «échéanciers en bois» pour le monitorage de la vaccination et des «cellules scolaires d’action sociale» pour le management multisectoriel du problème du retard scolaire. Les groupes «Think Tank», ayant réfléchi sur les perspectives des SSB en Tunisie, ont aboutit à une feuille de route composée de quatre axes fondamentaux. 1. Création d’une Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Santé (CNAS), affiliée au Ministère de la Santé, et valorisant la prévention et la promotion de la santé. 2. Centrage sur les maladies non transmissibles, aussi bien chez les jeunes que chez les personnes âgées. 3. Instauration d’un bilan périodique de santé, stratifié en fonction du sexe et de l’âge, orientant les comportements de santé et les aptitudes de «self care». 4. Le développement des «maisons de santé», fournissant des soins continus, par des équipes plurifonctionnelles et multidisciplinaires. Ainsi, la réforme de la politique des SSB de la Tunisie, en se référant à la déclaration d’Astana et sur l’expertise nationale cumulée, est indispensable pour revitaliser la première ligne des soins et assurer à la population tunisienne une «santé pour tous, ne laissant personne à coté».

          Translated abstract

          In order to readjust the national policy of Basic Health Care (SSB) to the declaration of Primary Health Care (SSP) of Astana (2018), 40 years after that of Alma Ata (1978), this paper summarizes the lessons learned from the international and national experience of PHC / SSB and presents the originator lines of the roadmap of the second version of SSB in Tunisia. WHO and Unicef have identified four lessons from PHC policy: 1. Political leadership, prioritizing primary care. 2. Sufficient funding to ensure the availability of basic services and their access by the population served. 3. Health personnel specifically trained in primary care, with decent working conditions. 4. A support strategy for the quality of care, based on financial and moral motivation. In Tunisia, the history of SSBs has memorized images of successes such as the organization of simulation sessions for the preparation of the “oral rehydration solution”, “mobile teams” of home visits, “deadlines” for monitoring vaccination and “school social action units” for multisectoral management of the problem of school backwardness. The "Think Tank" groups, having reflected on the perspectives of SSBs in Tunisia, came up with a roadmap made up of four fundamental axes. 1. Creation of a National Health Insurance Fund (CNAS), affiliated with the Ministry of Health, and promoting prevention and health promotion. 2. Focus on non-communicable diseases, both young and old. 3. Establishment of a periodic health assessment, stratified by sex and age, guiding health behaviors and "self-care" skills. 4. The development of “nursing homes”, providing continuous care, by multi-functional and multidisciplinary teams. Thus, the reform of the SSB policy of Tunisia, by referring to the Astana declaration and the cumulative national expertise, is essential to revitalize the first line of care and ensure the Tunisian population a "health for all", leaving no one behind”.

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          Most cited references14

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            To identify the organizational, physician, and patient factors associated with the quality of care of patients with diabetes in a low-/middle-income country. Data from 2,160 randomly selected patients with diabetes were extracted from the manual medical records of a nationwide sample of 48 randomly selected health centers. Physician and organizational characteristics were collected from national reports, questionnaires, interviews, and observation at the centers. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were undertaken to identify associations with four quality-of-care scores, based on processes and intermediate outcomes of care and 53 potential explanatory factors. The mean age of the study population was 62.4 years, mean duration of diabetes was 8.4 years, 62% were female, and 94% had type 2 diabetes. In the final multivariate models, factors independently and significantly associated with higher process-of-care scores were regional affluence, doctor motivation, and the use of chronic disease clinics (P < 0.05). Health centers with younger patients and increased availability of medication were independently and significantly associated with improved outcome-of-care scores (P < 0.05). The final models of the four quality-of-care scores explained 55-71% of the variations in scores. Use of chronic disease clinics, availability of medication, and possibly doctor motivation appear to be the most strongly related modifiable factors influencing diabetes care. These findings will be used to develop and implement culturally appropriate quality improvement interventions to improve the quality of diabetes care. We recommend our findings be taken into account in other low-/middle-income countries.
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              As part of its strategy of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Tunisia has calculated, after its revolution, its Health Accounts (HA), in a standardized and interdepartmental way.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Tunis Med
                Tunis Med
                tunismed
                La Tunisie Médicale
                Societe Tunisienne Des Sciences Medicales
                0041-4131
                2724-7031
                January 2021
                01 January 2021
                : 99
                : 1
                : 179-188
                Article
                8636959
                33899185
                af26d08b-7eff-472f-8689-bd6c575e8a7f
                Copyright @ 2021

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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