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      Antiepileptic Drug Mechanisms of Action

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      Epilepsia
      Wiley

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          Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a brain calcium channel.

          The primary structure of a voltage-dependent calcium channel from rabbit brain has been deduced by cloning and sequencing the complementary DNA. Calcium channel activity expressed from the cDNA is dramatically increased by coexpression of the alpha 2 and beta subunits, known to be associated with the dihydropyridine receptor. This channel is a high voltage-activated calcium channel that is insensitive both to nifedipine and to omega-conotoxin. We suggest that it is expressed predominantly in cerebellar Purkinje cells and granule cells.
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            Sequence and functional expression of the GABA A receptor shows a ligand-gated receptor super-family.

            Amino-acid sequences derived from complementary DNAs encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor from bovine brain show homology with other ligand-gated receptor subunits, suggesting that there is a super-family of ion-channel-containing receptors. Co-expression of the in vitro-generated alpha-subunit and beta-subunit RNAs in Xenopus oocytes produces a functional receptor and ion channel with the pharmacological properties characteristic of the GABAA receptor.
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              Importance of a novel GABAA receptor subunit for benzodiazepine pharmacology.

              Neurotransmission effected by GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is predominantly mediated by a gated chloride channel intrinsic to the GABAA receptor. This heterooligomeric receptor exists in most inhibitory synapses in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and can be regulated by clinically important compounds such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates. The primary structures of GABAA receptor alpha- and beta-subunits have been deduced from cloned complementary DNAs. Co-expression of these subunits in heterologous systems generates receptors which display much of the pharmacology of their neural counterparts, including potentiation by barbiturates. Conspicuously, however, they lack binding sites for, and consistent electrophysiological responses to, benzodiazepines. We now report the isolation of a cloned cDNA encoding a new GABAA receptor subunit, termed gamma 2, which shares approximately 40% sequence identity with alpha- and beta-subunits and whose messenger RNA is prominently localized in neuronal subpopulations throughout the CNS. Importantly, coexpression of the gamma 2 subunit with alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits produces GABAA receptors displaying high-affinity binding for central benzodiazepine receptor ligands.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Epilepsia
                Epilepsia
                Wiley
                0013-9580
                1528-1167
                February 1995
                February 1995
                : 36
                : s2
                : S2-S12
                Article
                10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb05996.x
                af3fc8e1-2a42-4460-8aaf-f47230243aae
                © 1995

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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