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      Use of fludrocortisone for intradialytic hypotension

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Intradialytic hypotension during dialysis adversely affects a patient’s prognosis and increases mortality. We report a case in which intradialytic hypotension that persisted after the administration of midodrine was relieved after the use of fludrocortisone. Administration of 0.2 mg of fludrocortisone occurred 30 minutes before dialysis. We compared 45 sessions of dialysis without fludrocortisone administration and 45 sessions of dialysis with fludrocortisone administration in one patient. The number of times in which systolic blood pressure became lower than 80 mmHg and the number of early terminations of dialysis due to a decrease in systolic blood pressure were higher in the sessions without fludrocortisone administration than in the sessions with fludrocortisone administration ( P < 0.05). Fludrocortisone may be helpful for the treatment of intradialytic hypotension that does not respond to midodrine administration.

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          Hemodialysis-associated hypotension as an independent risk factor for two-year mortality in hemodialysis patients.

          Tatsuya Shoji, M Fujii, Yoshiharu Tsubakihara … (2004)
          The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and mortality in hemodialysis patients has remained controversial. Some studies suggested that a lower pre- or postdialysis BP was associated with excess mortality, while others showed poorer outcome in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of hemodialysis-associated hypotension on mortality. We recruited 1244 patients (685 males; mean age, 60 +/- 13 years) who underwent hemodialysis in 28 units during the two-year study period beginning in December 1999. Pre-, intra-, and postdialysis BP, and BP upon standing soon after hemodialysis, were measured in all patients at entry. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect on mortality of pre-, intra-, and postdialysis BP, a fall in BP during hemodialysis, and a fall in BP upon standing soon after hemodialysis. During the study period, 149 patients died. Logistic models identified the lowest intradialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) and degree of fall in SBP upon standing soon after hemodialysis as significant factors affecting mortality, but not pre- or postdialysis SBP and diastolic BP. The adjusted odds ratio for death was 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.98) when the lowest intradialysis SBP was analyzed in increments of 20 mm Hg, and was 0.82 (95% CI 0.67-0.98) when the fall in SBP upon standing soon after hemodialysis was analyzed in increments of 10 mm Hg. These results suggest that intradialysis hypotension and orthostatic hypotension after hemodialysis are significant and independent factors affecting mortality in hemodialysis patients.
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            Association of intradialytic blood pressure variability with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients treated with long-term hemodialysis.

            Jennifer E. Flythe, Jula Inrig, Tariq Shafi … (2013)
            Blood pressure is known to fluctuate widely during hemodialysis; however, little is known about the association between intradialytic blood pressure variability and outcomes.
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              Evidence for large intestinal control of potassium homoeostasis in uraemic patients undergoing long-term dialysis.

              G. I. Sandle, S Tapster, E Gaiger … (1987)
              1. The role of the large intestine in the maintenance of K+ balance in uraemic patients established on long-term dialysis was studied with a rectal dialysis technique in 14 normal subjects, ten normokalaemic patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and seven patients undergoing haemodialysis. Dietary K+ intakes in the normal subjects, CAPD patients and haemodialysis patients were 80-100 mmol/24 h, 70-80 mmol/24 h and 60-70 mmol/24 h, respectively. 2. At an initial intraluminal K+ concentration of 45 mmol/l, rectal K+ secretion in the CAPD patients (2.4 +/- 0.4 mumol h-1 cm-2) was greater than in normal subjects (1.2 +/- 0.2 mumol h-1 cm-2, P less than 0.02). Under similar conditions, rectal K+ secretion was also greater in the haemodialysis patients than in normal subjects, both predialysis (3.7 +/- 0.4 mumol h-1 cm-2, P less than 0.001) and postdialysis (2.4 +/- 0.5 mumol h-1 cm-2, P less than 0.05), even though haemodialysis decreased plasma K+ concentration from 5.3 +/- 0.1 mmol/l to 3.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (P less than 0.001). 3. There were no significant differences in rectal Na+ absorption, rectal potential difference, plasma aldosterone concentration, or total body K+ content (measured by whole-body counting of 40K), between the normal subjects and either the CAPD or the haemodialysis patients. 4. These results indicate that K+ homoeostasis is maintained in uraemic patients undergoing long-term dialysis by a combination of K+ losses during dialysis, and enhanced large intestinal K+ excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Kidney Res Clin Pract
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Kidney Res Clin Pract
                Title: Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
                Publisher: Korean Society of Nephrology
                ISSN (Print): 2211-9132
                ISSN (Electronic): 2211-9140
                Publication date (Print): March 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 March 2018
                Volume: 37
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 85-88
                Affiliations
                Department of Nephrology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Soon Bae Kim, Department of Nephrology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea. E-mail: sbkim@ 123456amc.seoul.kr . ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-0318
                Article
                Publisher ID: krcp-37-085
                DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2018.37.1.85
                PMC ID: 5875580
                PubMed ID: 29629281
                SO-VID: af64eec0-6df0-49e2-bf3e-f0be1b2c68ec
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 by The Korean Society of Nephrology
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 November 2017
                Date revision received : 14 February 2018
                Date accepted : 18 February 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: fludrocortisone,hypotension,midodrine,renal dialysis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: fludrocortisone, hypotension, midodrine, renal dialysis

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