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      The adverse effects of long-term l-carnitine supplementation on liver and kidney function in rats.

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          Abstract

          Levo-Carnitine (l-carnitine) is widely used in health and food. This study was to focus on the adverse effects of 8-week oral supplementation of l-carnitine (0.3 and 0.6 g/kg) in female and male Sprague Dawley rats. l-carnitine reduced body and fat weights, as well as serum, liver, and kidney lipid levels in rats. Simultaneously, hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation and lipid synthesis were disturbed in l-carnitine-fed rats. Moreover, l-carnitine accelerated reactive oxygen species production in serum and liver, thereby triggering hepatic NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation to elevate serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in rats. Alteration of serum alkaline phosphatase levels further confirmed liver dysfunction in l-carnitine-fed rats. Additionally, l-carnitine may potentially disturb kidney function by altering renal protein levels of rat organic ion transporters. These observations may provide the caution information for the safety of long-term l-carnitine supplementation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Hum Exp Toxicol
          Human & experimental toxicology
          SAGE Publications
          1477-0903
          0960-3271
          Nov 2015
          : 34
          : 11
          Affiliations
          [1 ] State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
          [2 ] State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China kongld@nju.edu.cn.
          Article
          0960327115571767
          10.1177/0960327115571767
          25669660
          af6782d7-835c-4a5c-88c2-c7576b35b5a6
          History

          NLRP3 inflammasome,ROS,l-carnitine,lipid metabolism,liver and kidney dysfunction

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