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      Cafeteria diet induce changes in blood flow that are more related with heat dissipation than energy accretion

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          Abstract

          Background. A “cafeteria” diet is a self-selected high-fat diet, providing an excess of energy, which can induce obesity. Excess of lipids in the diet hampers glucose utilization eliciting insulin resistance, which, further limits amino acid oxidation for energy.

          Methods. Male Wistar rats were exposed for a month to “cafeteria” diet. Rats were cannulated and fluorescent microspheres were used to determine blood flow.

          Results. Exposure to the cafeteria diet did not change cardiac output, but there was a marked shift in organ irrigation. Skin blood flow decreased to compensate increases in lungs and heart. Blood flow through adipose tissue tended to increase in relation to controls, but was considerably increased in brown adipose tissue (on a weight basis).

          Discussion. The results suggest that the cafeteria diet-induced changes were related to heat transfer and disposal.

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          High-fructose corn syrup causes characteristics of obesity in rats: increased body weight, body fat and triglyceride levels.

          Miriam Bocarsly, Elyse Powell, Nicole M. Avena … (2010)
          High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) accounts for as much as 40% of caloric sweeteners used in the United States. Some studies have shown that short-term access to HFCS can cause increased body weight, but the findings are mixed. The current study examined both short- and long-term effects of HFCS on body weight, body fat, and circulating triglycerides. In Experiment 1, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained for short term (8 weeks) on (1) 12 h/day of 8% HFCS, (2) 12 h/day 10% sucrose, (3) 24 h/day HFCS, all with ad libitum rodent chow, or (4) ad libitum chow alone. Rats with 12-h access to HFCS gained significantly more body weight than animals given equal access to 10% sucrose, even though they consumed the same number of total calories, but fewer calories from HFCS than sucrose. In Experiment 2, the long-term effects of HFCS on body weight and obesogenic parameters, as well as gender differences, were explored. Over the course of 6 or 7 months, both male and female rats with access to HFCS gained significantly more body weight than control groups. This increase in body weight with HFCS was accompanied by an increase in adipose fat, notably in the abdominal region, and elevated circulating triglyceride levels. Translated to humans, these results suggest that excessive consumption of HFCS may contribute to the incidence of obesity. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Dietary obesity in adult rats: similarities to hypothalamic and human obesity syndromes.

            Anthony Sclafani, Deleri Springer (1976)
            Article 0 comments Cited 66 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Anesthesia's effects on plasma glucose and insulin and cardiac hexokinase at similar hemodynamics and without major surgical stress in fed rats.

              Coert Zuurbier, Peter J M Keijzers, Anneke Koeman … (2008)
              Recent evidence suggests that hexokinase mitochondria association attenuates cell death, and that plasma glucose and insulin concentrations can influence clinical outcome. In the present study, we examined how different anesthetics per se affect these variables of glucose metabolism, i.e., under similar hemodynamic conditions and in the absence of major surgical stress. In fed rats, the effects of pentobarbital (PENTO), isoflurane (ISO), sevoflurane (SEVO), ketamine-medetomidine-atropine (KMA), and sufentanil-propofol-morphine (SPM) on the cardiac cellular localization of hexokinase (HK) and levels of plasma glucose and insulin were determined and compared with values obtained in nonanesthetized animals (control). The role of mitochondrial and sarcolemmal K(ATP)-channels and alpha2-adrenergic receptor in ISO-induced hyperglycemia was also evaluated. Mean arterial blood pressure was similar among the different anesthetic strategies. PENTO (5.3 +/- 0.2 mM) and SPM (5.1 +/- 0.2 mM) had no significant effect on plasma glucose when compared with control (5.6 +/- 0.1 mM). All other anesthetics induced hyperglycemia: 7.4 +/- 0.2 mM (SEVO), 9.9 +/- 0.3 mM (ISO), and 14.8 +/- 1.0 mM (KMA). Insulin concentrations were increased with PENTO (2.13 +/- 0.13 ng/mL) when compared with control (0.59 +/- 0.22 ng/mL), but were unaffected by the other anesthetics. Inhibition of the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel (5-hydroxydecanoate acid) or the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor (yohimbine) did not prevent ISO-induced hyperglycemia. Only the nonspecific K(ATP) channel inhibitor glibenclamide was able to prevent hyperglycemia by ISO. Cytoslic HK relative to total HK increased in the following sequence: control (35.5% +/- 2.1%), SEVO (35.5% +/- 2.7%), ISO (36.6% +/- 1.7%), PENTO (41.2% +/- 2.0%; P = 0.082 versus control), SPM (43.0% +/- 1.8%; P = 0.039 versus control), and KMA (46.6 +/- 2.3%; P = 0.002 versus control). Volatile anesthetics and KMA induce hyperglycemia, which can be explained, at least partly, by impaired glucose-induced insulin release. The data indicate that the inhibition of insulin release by ISO is mediated by sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel activation. The use of PENTO and SPM is not associated with hyperglycemia. SPM and KMA reduce the antiapoptotic association of HK with mitochondria.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xavier Remesar
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PeerJ
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PeerJ
                Journal ID (publisher-id): peerj
                Journal ID (pmc): peerj
                Title: PeerJ
                Publisher: PeerJ Inc. (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2167-8359
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 August 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e2302
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biochemistry an Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
                [2 ]CIBER OBN Research Network , Barcelona, Spain
                [3 ]Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2302
                DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2302
                PMC ID: 4975024
                PubMed ID: 27547590
                SO-VID: af861d34-0ca8-461d-94d4-51d7fe708756
                Copyright © ©2016 Sabater et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

                History
                Date received : 8 April 2016
                Date accepted : 7 July 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: Plan Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos
                Award ID: AGL-2011-23635
                Funded by: Plan Nacional de Investigación en Biomedicina
                Award ID: SAF2012-34895
                This study was done with the partial support of grants of the Plan Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (AGL-2011-23635) and the Plan Nacional de Investigación en Biomedicina (SAF2012-34895) of the Government of Spain. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Anatomy and Physiology
                Subject: Diabetes and Endocrinology
                Subject: Hematology
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Metabolic Sciences

                Keywords: flux,cafeteria diet,rat,tissue blood flow
                Data availability:
                Keywords: flux, cafeteria diet, rat, tissue blood flow

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