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      Genetics of Tinnitus: Time to Biobank Phantom Sounds

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          Abstract

          Tinnitus is a common phantom sensation resulting most often from sensory deprivation, and for which little knowledge on the molecular mechanisms exists. While the existing evidence for a genetic influence on the condition has been until now sparse and underpowered, recent data suggest that specific forms of tinnitus have a strong genetic component revealing that not all tinnitus percepts are alike, at least in how they are genetically driven. These new findings pave the way for a better understanding on how phantom sensations are molecularly driven and call for international biobanking efforts.

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          Most cited references21

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          The continuing value of twin studies in the omics era.

          The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have collected biological material and longitudinal phenotypic data on tens of thousands of twins, providing a valuable resource for studying complex phenotypes and their underlying biology. In this Review, we consider the continuing value of twin studies in the current era of molecular genetic studies. We conclude that classical twin methods combined with novel technologies represent a powerful approach towards identifying and understanding the molecular pathways that underlie complex traits.
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            Genetic susceptibility to bilateral tinnitus in a Swedish twin cohort

            Purpose: Genetic contributions to tinnitus have been difficult to determine due to the heterogeneity of the condition and its broad etiology. Here, we evaluated the genetic and nongenetic influences on self-reported tinnitus from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR). Methods: Cross-sectional data from the STR was obtained. Casewise concordance rates (the risk of one twin being affected given that his/her twin partner has tinnitus) were compared for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (N = 10,464 concordant and discordant twin pairs) and heritability coefficients (the proportion of the total variance attributable to genetic factors) were calculated using biometrical model fitting procedures. Results: Stratification of tinnitus cases into subtypes according to laterality (unilateral versus bilateral) revealed that heritability of bilateral tinnitus was 0.56; however, it was 0.27 for unilateral tinnitus. Heritability was greater in men (0.68) than in women (0.41). However, when female pairs younger than 40 years of age were selected, heritability of 0.62 was achieved with negligible effects of shared environment. Conclusion: Unlike unilateral tinnitus, bilateral tinnitus is influenced by genetic factors and might constitute a genetic subtype. Overall, our study provides the initial evidence for a tinnitus phenotype with a genetic influence. Genet Med advance online publication 23 March 2017
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              The Swedish Twin Registry in the third millennium: an update.

              The Swedish Twin Registry was first established in the late 1950s. Today it includes more than 170,000 twins--in principle, all twins born in Sweden since 1886. In this article we describe some ongoing and recently completed projects based on the registry. In particular, we describe recent efforts to screen all twins born between 1959 and 1985, and young twin pairs when they turn 9 and 12 years of age. For these studies, we present initial frequencies of common conditions and exposures.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Genet
                Front Genet
                Front. Genet.
                Frontiers in Genetics
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-8021
                04 September 2017
                2017
                : 8
                : 110
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
                [2] 2Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
                [3] 3Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, United States
                [4] 4Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, United States
                [5] 5Otology & Neurotology Group, Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncology Research (GENyO) Granada, Spain
                [6] 6Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Universidad de Granada Granada, Spain
                Author notes

                Edited by: M. Geoffrey Hayes, Northwestern University, United States

                Reviewed by: Srikantan S. Nagarajan, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Fernando Cendes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil

                *Correspondence: Christopher R. Cederroth, christopher.cederroth@ 123456ki.se Jose A. Lopez-Escamez, antonio.lopezescamez@ 123456genyo.es

                This article was submitted to Applied Genetic Epidemiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Genetics

                Article
                10.3389/fgene.2017.00110
                5591447
                28928766
                af88a097-2ea5-44b7-883b-0d0cc4977cd4
                Copyright © 2017 Cederroth, Kähler, Sullivan and Lopez-Escamez.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 10 July 2017
                : 09 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 3, Words: 0
                Categories
                Genetics
                Perspective

                Genetics
                tinnitus,genetics,heritability,subtype,neuropsychiatry,gwas (genome-wide association study),whole exome sequencing

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