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      Exercise and fruit/vegetable intake, and their associations with body weight status in university students Translated title: Ejercicio físico y consumo de frutas/verduras, y sus asociaciones con el estado del peso corporal en estudiantes universitarios

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: evidence suggests that exposure to risk factors related to excess body weight is more frequent in the second and third decades of life. Thus, one of the most propitious environments for the acquisition of habits that can inhibit overweight is the university. Objective: to identify the frequency of aerobic and strength exercises and of fruit/vegetable intake in university students, and subsequently establish associations between both health behaviors and excess body weight. Methods: the sample was comprised of 5,310 university students. An online questionnaire was used to collect the frequency of exercises and fruit/vegetable intake. The body mass index was used to define body weight status. The data were analyzed statistically by employing a bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: the practice of aerobic and strength exercises was reported by 80.4 % and 51.6 % of the sample, respectively. Only 13 % of the surveyed university students had an adequate fruit/vegetable intake. The proportion of excess body weight was 39.1 %, the condition being significantly higher in men. The risk for excess body weight identified in the university students who reported not consuming fruits/vegetables daily was two to three times higher than in their peers who reported an adequate intake (women: OR = 2.92 [95 % CI 2.07-4.12]; men: OR = 1.98 [95 % CI 1.41-3.02]). Exposure to the risk for excess body weight was progressively lower as the reported frequency of aerobic exercise became higher. Conclusion: these findings suggest the need to promote initiatives aimed at the preparation and implementation of health education and promotion programs in the university context, through actions of guidance about exercise and food intake that may help to minimize the risks of onset and development of excess body weight.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: las evidencias sugieren que la exposición a factores de riesgo relacionados con el exceso de peso se produce con mayor frecuencia en la segunda y tercera décadas de la vida. Por lo tanto, uno de los entornos más propicios para la adquisición de hábitos que puedan inhibir el sobrepeso es la universidad. Objetivos: identificar la frecuencia de los ejercicios aeróbicos y de fuerza y del consumo de frutas/verduras en estudiantes universitarios, y posteriormente establecer asociaciones entre los dos comportamientos de salud y el exceso de peso. Métodos: la muestra estaba compuesta de 5310 estudiantes universitarios. Las frecuencias de los ejercicios físicos y del consumo de frutas/verduras se recopilaron mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario online. El exceso de peso se estableció a partir del índice de masa corporal. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente empleando análisis bivariados y de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la práctica de ejercicios aeróbicos y de fuerza fue relatada por el 80,4 % y el 51,6 % de la muestra, respectivamente. Solamente el 13 % de los estudiantes universitarios presentaron un consumo adecuado de frutas/verduras. La proporción del exceso de peso fue equivalente al 39,1 %, siendo dicha proporción significativamente más elevada en los hombres. El riesgo de padecer exceso de peso identificado en los estudiantes universitarios que relataron no consumir frutas/verduras diariamente fue de dos a tres veces mayor que el de sus pares que refirieron un consumo adecuado (mujeres: OR = 2,92; IC 95 %, 2,07-4,12; hombres: OR = 1,98; IC 95 %, 1,41-3,02). La exposición al riesgo del exceso de peso fue progresivamente menor conforme mayor era la frecuencia reportada de ejercicios aeróbicos. Conclusión: los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de promover iniciativas dirigidas al diseño e implementación de programas de educación y promoción de la salud en el contexto universitario a través de acciones de orientación sobre ejercicio físico y consumo de alimentos que puedan ayudar a minimizar los riesgos de aparición y desarrollo del exceso de peso.

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          Most cited references35

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          Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?

          Physical inactivity is an important contributor to non-communicable diseases in countries of high income, and increasingly so in those of low and middle income. Understanding why people are physically active or inactive contributes to evidence-based planning of public health interventions, because effective programmes will target factors known to cause inactivity. Research into correlates (factors associated with activity) or determinants (those with a causal relationship) has burgeoned in the past two decades, but has mostly focused on individual-level factors in high-income countries. It has shown that age, sex, health status, self-efficacy, and motivation are associated with physical activity. Ecological models take a broad view of health behaviour causation, with the social and physical environment included as contributors to physical inactivity, particularly those outside the health sector, such as urban planning, transportation systems, and parks and trails. New areas of determinants research have identified genetic factors contributing to the propensity to be physically active, and evolutionary factors and obesity that might predispose to inactivity, and have explored the longitudinal tracking of physical activity throughout life. An understanding of correlates and determinants, especially in countries of low and middle income, could reduce the eff ect of future epidemics of inactivity and contribute to effective global prevention of non-communicable diseases.
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            Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality—a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

            Abstract Background: Questions remain about the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality, and the effects of specific types of fruit and vegetables. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these associations. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched up to 29 September 2016. Prospective studies of fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model, and the mortality burden globally was estimated; 95 studies (142 publications) were included. Results: For fruits and vegetables combined, the summary RR per 200 g/day was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.94, I2 = 0%, n = 15] for coronary heart disease, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76–0.92, I2 = 73%, n = 10) for stroke, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.95, I2 = 31%, n = 13) for cardiovascular disease, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99, I2 = 49%, n = 12) for total cancer and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.93, I2 = 83%, n = 15) for all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for fruits and vegetables separately. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for all outcomes except cancer (600 g/day). Inverse associations were observed between the intake of apples and pears, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and salads and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and between the intake of green-yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables and total cancer risk. An estimated 5.6 and 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide in 2013 may be attributable to a fruit and vegetable intake below 500 and 800 g/day, respectively, if the observed associations are causal. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality. These results support public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature mortality.
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              Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030.

              To estimate the overall prevalence and absolute burden of overweight and obesity in the world and in various regions in 2005 and to project the global burden in 2030. Pooling analysis. We identified sex- and age-specific prevalence of overweight and obesity in representative population samples from 106 countries, which cover approximately 88% of the world population, using MEDLINE and other computerized databases, supplemented by a manual search of references from retrieved articles. Sex- and age-specific prevalence of overweight and obesity were applied to the 2005 population to estimate the numbers of overweight and obese individuals in each country, each world region and the entire world. In addition, the prevalence, with and without adjusting for secular trends, were applied to the 2030 population projections to forecast the number of overweight and obese individuals in 2030. Overall, 23.2% (95% confidence interval 22.8-23.5%) of the world's adult population in 2005 was overweight (24.0% in men (23.4-24.5%) and 22.4% in women (21.9-22.9%)), and 9.8% (9.6-10.0%) was obese (7.7% in men (7.4-7.9%) and 11.9% in women (11.6-12.2%)). The estimated total numbers of overweight and obese adults in 2005 were 937 million (922-951 million) and 396 million (388-405 million), respectively. By 2030, the respective number of overweight and obese adults was projected to be 1.35 billion and 573 million individuals without adjusting for secular trends. If recent secular trends continue unabated, the absolute numbers were projected to total 2.16 billion overweight and 1.12 billion obese individuals. Overweight and obesity are important clinical and public health burdens worldwide. National programs for the prevention and treatment of overweight, obesity and related comorbidities and mortalities should be a public health priority.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                June 2021
                : 38
                : 3
                : 545-554
                Affiliations
                [2] Londrina PN orgnameUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Health Department Brazil
                [1] Londrina PN orgnameUniversidade Norte do Paraná orgdiv1Center for Research in Health Sciences Brazil
                Article
                S0212-16112021000300545 S0212-1611(21)03800300545
                10.20960/nh.03258
                af8bd4e2-2ad8-4f6d-b582-8592a69b9235

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 July 2020
                : 21 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Actividad física,Health promotion,University health,Overweight,Food intake,Physical activity,Promoción de la salud,Salud universitaria,Sobrepeso,Consumo de alimentos

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