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      Renoprotective Effects Of Isoliquiritin Against Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin-Induced Membranous Glomerulonephritis In Experimental Rat Model Through Its Anti-Oxidative And Anti-Inflammatory Properties

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          Abstract

          Background

          Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a nephrotic syndrome which shows the symptoms of heavy proteinuria and immune complex deposition in glomerular sub-epithelial space and finally leads to chronic kidney disease. Isoliquiritin (ILQ) is a flavonoid with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible mechanisms by which ILQ ameliorates cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) induced MGN in rat model.

          Methods

          The MGN condition was confirmed by the 24 hr proteinuria and ILQ (10 mg/kg/bw/day) or TPCA-1 (10 mg/kg/bw/day; IKKβ inhibitor) was administered to successfully induce rats for 4 weeks.

          Results

          The present study revealed that MGN rats treated with ILQ showed significantly ameliorated kidney dysfunction and histopathological changes in kidneys. ILQ treated MGN rats alleviated the oxidative stress and were presented with increased anti-oxidative status in kidneys. Furthermore, ILQ treatment to MGN rats showed anti-oxidative effects through the prominent stimulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of Keap1, which consequently increases the Nrf2 nuclear translocation and thereby induces expression of NQO1 and HO-1. In addition, ILQ-treated MGN rats demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway through decreased mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB p65, IKKβ, COX-2, iNOS, p38-MAPK, p-p38-MAPK, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, ICAM-1, E-selectin and VCAM-1 and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.

          Conclusion

          The protective effect of ILQ on MGN can be explained by its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, which in turn due to the activation of Nrf2 and downregulation of NF-κB pathway.

          Most cited references31

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          Oxidants in chronic kidney disease.

          Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem that affects approximately 10% of the US adult population and is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and high economic cost. Chronic renal insufficiency, once established, tends to progress to end-stage kidney disease, suggesting some common mechanisms for ultimately causing scarring and further nephron loss. This review defines the term reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), or oxidants, and presents the available experimental evidence in support of the role of oxidants in diabetic and nondiabetic glomerular disease and their role in tubulointerstitial damage that accompanies progression. It concludes by reviewing the limited human data that provide some proof of concept that the observations in experimental models may be relevant to human disease.
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            Lipids and renal disease.

            Chronic renal disease is accompanied by characteristic abnormalities of lipid metabolism, which appear as a consequence of nephrotic syndrome or renal insufficiency and are reflected in an altered apolipoprotein profile as well as elevated plasma lipid levels. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested a correlation between the progression of renal disease and dyslipidemia. High cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels have been demonstrated to be independent risk factors for progression of renal disease in humans. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms for the relationship between lipid levels and progression of renal disease are not yet fully understood, although there are data that oxidative stress and insulin resistance may mediate the lipid-induced renal damage. In the animal model, lipid-lowering agents seem to ameliorate glomerular damage, preventing glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Although evidence from clinical studies indicates that statin therapy is associated with significant benefit in individuals with established chronic renal failure, whether lipid reduction can slow the renal functional decline awaits a primary renal outcome lipid-lowering therapy study.
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              Antidepressant-like effects of liquiritin and isoliquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test in mice.

              Two classic animal behavior despair tests--the Forced Swimming Test (FST) and the Tail Suspension Test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of liquiritin and isoliquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in mice. It was observed that both liquiritin and isoliquiritin at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST and TST in mice 30 min after treatment. Measurement of locomotor activity indicated that liquiritin and isoliquiritin had no central nervous system (CNS)-stimulating effects. The main monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in mouse brain regions were also simultaneously determined by HPLC-ECD. It was found that these two compounds significantly increased the concentrations of the main neurotransmitters 5-HT and NE in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex. Liquiritin and isoliquiritin also significantly reduced the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex, slowing down 5-HT metabolism compared with mice treated with vehicle+stress. In conclusion, liquiritin and isoliquiritin produced significant antidepressant-like effects, and their mechanism of action may be due to increased 5-HT and NE in the mouse hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                DDDT
                dddt
                Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Dove
                1177-8881
                30 October 2019
                2019
                : 13
                : 3735-3751
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130033, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130033, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Siqi Zhang Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin130033, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 183 3112 5890 Email zhangsiqi0914@sina.com
                Ruisi Xu Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin130033, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 187 3220 0909 Email xrs_email@sina.com
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                213088
                10.2147/DDDT.S213088
                6826199
                af8e29ce-b6d6-4a1a-8409-b453fa4cca05
                © 2019 Liu et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 23 April 2019
                : 08 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 11, References: 47, Pages: 17
                Categories
                Original Research

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                isoliquiritin,membranous glomerulonephritis,oxidative stress,inflammation

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