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      Molecular Imprinting Technology in Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Sensors

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          Abstract

          Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as artificial antibodies have received considerable scientific attention in the past years in the field of (bio)sensors since they have unique features that distinguish them from natural antibodies such as robustness, multiple binding sites, low cost, facile preparation and high stability under extreme operation conditions (higher pH and temperature values, etc.). On the other hand, the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is an analytical tool based on the measurement of small mass changes on the sensor surface. QCM sensors are practical and convenient monitoring tools because of their specificity, sensitivity, high accuracy, stability and reproducibility. QCM devices are highly suitable for converting the recognition process achieved using MIP-based memories into a sensor signal. Therefore, the combination of a QCM and MIPs as synthetic receptors enhances the sensitivity through MIP process-based multiplexed binding sites using size, 3D-shape and chemical function having molecular memories of the prepared sensor system toward the target compound to be detected. This review aims to highlight and summarize the recent progress and studies in the field of (bio)sensor systems based on QCMs combined with molecular imprinting technology.

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          Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Present and Future Prospective

          Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) is a technique to design artificial receptors with a predetermined selectivity and specificity for a given analyte, which can be used as ideal materials in various application fields. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), the polymeric matrices obtained using the imprinting technology, are robust molecular recognition elements able to mimic natural recognition entities, such as antibodies and biological receptors, useful to separate and analyze complicated samples such as biological fluids and environmental samples. The scope of this review is to provide a general overview on MIPs field discussing first general aspects in MIP preparation and then dealing with various application aspects. This review aims to outline the molecularly imprinted process and present a summary of principal application fields of molecularly imprinted polymers, focusing on chemical sensing, separation science, drug delivery and catalysis. Some significant aspects about preparation and application of the molecular imprinting polymers with examples taken from the recent literature will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental parameters for MIPs design in terms of the interaction between template and polymer functionalities will be considered and synthesis methods for the improvement of MIP recognition properties will also be presented.
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            Molecular imprinted polymers for separation science: a review of reviews.

            Molecular imprinted polymer is an artificial receptor made by imprinting molecules of a template in a polymer matrix followed by removing the template molecules via thorough washing to give the permanent template grooves. They show favored affinity to the template molecule compared to other molecules, and this property is the basic driving force for such diverse application of this techniques. Such techniques have been increasingly employed in a wide scope of applications such as chromatography, sample pretreatment, purification, catalysts, sensors, and drug delivery, etc., mostly in bioanalytical areas. A major part of them is related to development of new stationary phases and their application in chromatography and sample pretreatment. Embodiments of molecular imprinted polymer materials have been carried out in a variety of forms such as irregularly ground particles, regular spherical particles, nanoparticles, monoliths in a stainless steel or capillary column, open tubular layers in capillaries, surface attached thin layers, membranes, and composites, etc. There have been numerous review articles on molecular imprinted polymer issues. In this special review, the reviews in recent ca. 10 years will be categorized into several subgroups according to specified topics in separation science, and each review in each subgroup will be introduced in the order of date with brief summaries and comments on new developments and different scopes of prospects. Brief summaries of each categories and conclusive future perspectives are also given. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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              Determination of paracetamol based on electropolymerized-molecularly imprinted polypyrrole modified pencil graphite electrode

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                24 February 2017
                March 2017
                : 17
                : 3
                : 454
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey; semir@ 123456anadolu.edu.tr (S.E.D.); arzuersoz@ 123456anadolu.edu.tr (A.E.)
                [2 ]Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey; rkecili@ 123456anadolu.edu.tr
                [3 ]Bionkit Co. Ltd., 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: ridvansayy@ 123456gmail.com ; Tel.: +90-533-411-7091
                Article
                sensors-17-00454
                10.3390/s17030454
                5375740
                28245588
                af994da4-89a7-4efe-bd73-c1857c52dfa1
                © 2017 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 December 2016
                : 21 February 2017
                Categories
                Review

                Biomedical engineering
                molecularly imprinted polymers (mips),quartz crystal microbalance (qcm),biosensors,biomolecular recognition,synthetic receptors

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