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      East Africa and Madagascar in the Indian Ocean world

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          The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean

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            Spread of the tiger: global risk of invasion by the mosquito Aedes albopictus.

            Aedes albopictus, commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is currently the most invasive mosquito in the world. It is of medical importance due to its aggressive daytime human-biting behavior and ability to vector many viruses, including dengue, LaCrosse, and West Nile. Invasions into new areas of its potential range are often initiated through the transportation of eggs via the international trade in used tires. We use a genetic algorithm, Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production (GARP), to determine the ecological niche of Ae. albopictus and predict a global ecological risk map for the continued spread of the species. We combine this analysis with risk due to importation of tires from infested countries and their proximity to countries that have already been invaded to develop a list of countries most at risk for future introductions and establishments. Methods used here have potential for predicting risks of future invasions of vectors or pathogens.
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              Phylogenetic diversity and historical patterns of pandemic spread of Yersinia pestis

              Pandemic infectious diseases have accompanied humans since their origins1, and have shaped the form of civilizations2. Of these, plague is possibly historically the most dramatic. We reconstructed historical patterns of plague transmission through sequence variation in 17 complete genome sequences and 933 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a global collection of 286 Yersinia pestis isolates. Y. pestis evolved in or near China, and has been transmitted via multiple epidemics that followed various routes, probably including transmissions to West Asia via the Silk Road and to Africa by Chinese marine voyages. In 1894, Y. pestis spread to India and radiated to diverse parts of the globe, leading to country-specific lineages that can be traced by lineage-specific SNPs. All 626 current isolates from the U.S.A. reflect one radiation and 82 isolates from Madagascar represent a second. Subsequent local microevolution of Y. pestis is marked by sequential, geographically-specific SNPs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of World Prehistory
                J World Prehist
                Springer Nature
                0892-7537
                1573-7802
                September 2013
                November 2013
                : 26
                : 3
                : 213-281
                Article
                10.1007/s10963-013-9067-4
                afae783f-ea82-40cf-8d90-aac65d6af34a
                © 2013
                History

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