A New Method to Develop the Primate Model of Knee Osteoarthritis With Focal Cartilage Defect

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Abstract

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, and animal models have proven pivotal in investigating this disease. This study aimed to develop a primate model of OA that may be more relevant to research studies on OA in humans.

Method: Twelve female rhesus macaques were randomly divided into three groups. Four animals were untreated (Control group); four were subjected to the modified Hulth method, involving cutting of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and transecting the meniscus (Hulth group); and four were subjected to the modified Hulth method combined with cartilage defect (MHCD group). Each primate was subjected to motor ability tests, and underwent arthroscopic, radiographic, morphological, and pathological observation of the knee joints at various times for up to 180 days.

Results: Motor ability on Day 180 was significantly lower in the MHCD group than in the Control ( p＜0.01) and Hulth ( p＜0.05) groups. Radiographic and morphological examination showed that the severity of knee joint deformity and articular cartilage injury were greater in the MHCD group than in the other groups. Pathological examination showed that cartilage thickness was significantly lower in the MHCD group than in the other groups at the same time points. The Mankin score on Day 180 was markedly higher in the MHCD group than in the Hulth ( p＜0.05) and Control ( p＜0.001) groups.

Conclusion: The MHCD model of OA closely resembles the pathophysiological processes of spontaneous knee OA in humans. The time required to develop knee OA is shorter using the MHCD model than using the Hulth method.

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Most cited references 43

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The global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study.

Marita Cross, Emma Smith, Damian Hoy … (2014)

To estimate the global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study and to explore how the burden of hip and knee OA compares with other conditions. Systematic reviews were conducted to source age-specific and sex-specific epidemiological data for hip and knee OA prevalence, incidence and mortality risk. The prevalence and incidence of symptomatic, radiographic and self-reported hip or knee OA were included. Three levels of severity were defined to derive disability weights (DWs) and severity distribution (proportion with mild, moderate and severe OA). The prevalence by country and region was multiplied by the severity distribution and the appropriate disability weight to calculate years of life lived with disability (YLDs). As there are no deaths directly attributed to OA, YLDs equate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Globally, of the 291 conditions, hip and knee OA was ranked as the 11th highest contributor to global disability and 38th highest in DALYs. The global age-standardised prevalence of knee OA was 3.8% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.6% to 4.1%) and hip OA was 0.85% (95% UI 0.74% to 1.02%), with no discernible change from 1990 to 2010. Prevalence was higher in females than males. YLDs for hip and knee OA increased from 10.5 million in 1990 (0.42% of total DALYs) to 17.1 million in 2010 (0.69% of total DALYs). Hip and knee OA is one of the leading causes of global disability. Methodological issues within this study make it highly likely that the real burden of OA has been underestimated. With the aging and increasing obesity of the world's population, health professions need to prepare for a large increase in the demand for health services to treat hip and knee OA. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

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Osteoarthritis.

S. Glyn-Jones, A. J. R. Palmer, R Agricola … (2015)

Osteoarthritis is a major source of pain, disability, and socioeconomic cost worldwide. The epidemiology of the disorder is complex and multifactorial, with genetic, biological, and biomechanical components. Aetiological factors are also joint specific. Joint replacement is an effective treatment for symptomatic end-stage disease, although functional outcomes can be poor and the lifespan of prostheses is limited. Consequently, the focus is shifting to disease prevention and the treatment of early osteoarthritis. This task is challenging since conventional imaging techniques can detect only quite advanced disease and the relation between pain and structural degeneration is not close. Nevertheless, advances in both imaging and biochemical markers offer potential for diagnosis and as outcome measures for new treatments. Joint-preserving interventions under development include lifestyle modification and pharmaceutical and surgical modalities. Some show potential, but at present few have proven ability to arrest or delay disease progression.

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The epidemiology of osteoarthritis.

Victoria L. Johnson, David Hunter (2014)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and its incidence is rising due to increasing obesity and an ageing population. Risk factors can be divided into person-level factors, such as age, sex, obesity, genetics, race/ethnicity and diet, and joint-level factors including injury, malalignment and abnormal loading of the joints. The interaction of these risk factors is complex and provides a challenge to the managing physician. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how each of these factors interact together to instigate incident OA as well as to outline the need for ongoing epidemiologic studies for the future prevention of both incident and progressive OA. It is only by understanding the impact of this disease and the modifiable risk factors that we will be able to truly target public health prevention interventions appropriately.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Zhong Chen: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1355607/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Bioeng Biotechnol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Bioeng Biotechnol

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

Title: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 2296-4185

Publication date (Electronic): 04 November 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 727643

Affiliations

[ ¹ ]Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China

[ ² ]Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

[ ³ ]Cadre’s Physical Examination Center, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China

[ ⁴ ]Department of Medical Imaging, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China

[ ⁵ ]Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China

[ ⁶ ]Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China

Author notes

Edited by: Laura Creemers, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands

Reviewed by: Yong-Can Huang, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, China

Andrea Barbero, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland

*Correspondence: Zhaoxiang Wu, wzx314159@ 123456163.com ; Zhong Chen, chenzhongdr@ 123456163.com

[ † ]

These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

This article was submitted to Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, a section of the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article

Publisher ID: 727643

DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.727643

PMC ID: 8599286

PubMed ID: 34805105

SO-VID: afaf1921-2b8b-410e-aca2-2a56931abe51

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

A New Method to Develop the Primate Model of Knee Osteoarthritis With Focal Cartilage Defect

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Most cited references 43

The global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study.

Osteoarthritis.

The epidemiology of osteoarthritis.

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