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      Sleep disorders and anthropometric measures in Chilean university students Translated title: Alteraciones del sueño y medidas antropométricas en estudiantes universitarios chilenos

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction To compare sleep habits, insomnia and daytime sleepiness in university students according to anthropometrics measures. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on university students using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index. In addition, anthropometric variables were determined; weight, height and waist circumference. Results We evaluated 1,275 university students (74% female). Students on average slept at midnight and slept on average 6.4 hours, 77.9% sleep less than recommended, 34.2% had daytime somnolence and 68.5% had insomnia. Regarding insomnia, it was observed that the low weight group presented the highest insomnia score that significantly contrasted with the normal weight group (p=0.04). In the case of daytime sleepiness when comparing by nutritional status, it was observed that obese students are the ones with the greatest daytime somnolence (p<0.05). Finally, there is an association between fewer sleep hours with higher BMI (OR:1.12 (95%CI:1.01-1.991)) and presence of insomnia (OR:2.734 (95%CI:1.324-5.645)). Conclusions University students sleep less than recommended, have a high prevalence of insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, in addition, it is obese women who present this alteration more frequently and the highest insomnia score is identified in underweight students. Both a high BMI and insomnia are associated with short-term sleep.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción El objetivo del estudio es comparar los hábitos de sueño, el insomnio y la somnolencia diurna en estudiantes universitarios según las medidas antropométricas. Material y Métodos Diseño del estudio: un estudio transversal, se llevó a cabo en estudiantes universitarios utilizando la escala de somnolencia de Epworth, el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y el índice de severidad del insomnio. Además, se determinaron las variables antropométricas; peso, altura y circunferencia de la cintura. Resultados Fueron evaluados 1.275 estudiantes universitarios (74% mujeres). Los estudiantes en promedio dormían a la medianoche y en promedio 6,4 horas, el 77,9% dormía menos de lo recomendado, el 34,2% tenía somnolencia diurna y el 68,5% tenía insomnio. Con respecto al insomnio, se observó que el grupo de bajo peso presentaba la puntuación más alta de insomnio que contrastaba significativamente con el grupo de peso normal (p=0,04). En el caso de la somnolencia diurna al comparar por IMC, se observa que los estudiantes con obesidad son los que presentan la mayor somnolencia (p<0.01). Hay una asociación entre menos horas de sueño con mayor IMC (OR:1,12 (IC95%:1,01-1,991)) y presencia de insomnio (OR:2,734 (IC95%:1,324-5,645)). Conclusiones Los estudiantes universitarios duermen menos de lo recomendado, tienen una alta prevalencia de insomnio y somnolencia diurna excesiva, además, son las mujeres con obesidad presentan esta alteración con mayor frecuencia y se identifica el puntaje más alto de insomnio en estudiantes con bajo peso. Tanto un IMC elevado como el insomnio se asocian a sueño de corta cantidad.

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          Quantification of subjective sleep quality in healthy elderly men and women using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

          Subjective sleep quality deteriorates with aging, but the extent to which this is a product of age itself, as opposed to the medical or psychiatric problems associated with aging, has not been carefully studied. To investigate this issue, we examined the subjective sleep quality of 44 healthy subjects over 80 years of age (20 men, 24 women), and 35 healthy subjects [corrected] between the ages of 20 and 30 (23 men, 12 women) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). All subjects underwent rigorous medical and psychiatric evaluations to verify that they were in excellent physical and psychological health. Significant age effects were noted for the global PSQI score and several PSQI component scores, but overall sleep quality for the majority (68.1%) of 80-yr-olds fell within a categorically defined range for "good" sleepers. Measures of habitual sleep quality did not correlate strongly with most polysomnographic sleep measures, number of medications used or circadian measures in elderly subjects. These results show that subjective sleep quality does deteriorate in the healthy elderly, but not to the level seen in patients with sleep disorders. Extremely healthy elderly subjects appear to adapt in their perception of objectively disturbed sleep.
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            Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications.

            Links between short sleep duration and obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease may be mediated through changes in dietary intake. This review provides an overview of recent epidemiologic studies on the relations between habitual short sleep duration and dietary intake in adults from 16 cross-sectional studies. The studies have observed consistent associations between short sleep duration and higher total energy intake and higher total fat intake, and limited evidence for lower fruit intake, and lower quality diets. Evidence also suggests that short sleepers may have irregular eating behavior deviating from the traditional 3 meals/d to fewer main meals and more frequent, smaller, energy-dense, and highly palatable snacks at night. Although the impact of short sleep duration on dietary intake tends to be small, if chronic, it may contribute to an increased risk of obesity and related chronic disease. Mechanisms mediating the associations between sleep duration and dietary intake are likely to be multifactorial and include differences in the appetite-related hormones leptin and ghrelin, hedonic pathways, extended hours for intake, and altered time of intake. Taking into account these epidemiologic relations and the evidence for causal relations between sleep loss and metabolism and cardiovascular function, health promotion strategies should emphasize improved sleep as an additional factor in health and weight management. Moreover, future sleep interventions in controlled studies and sleep extension trials in chronic short sleepers are imperative for establishing whether there is a causal relation between short sleep duration and changes in dietary intake.
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              Validation of the German version of the insomnia severity index in adolescents, young adults and adult workers: results from three cross-sectional studies

              Background A variety of objective and subjective methods exist to assess insomnia. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was developed to provide a brief self-report instrument useful to assess people’s perception of sleep complaints. The ISI was developed in English, and has been translated into several languages including German. Surprisingly, the psychometric properties of the German version have not been evaluated, although the ISI is often used with German-speaking populations. Methods The psychometric properties of the ISI are tested in three independent samples: 1475 adolescents, 862 university students, and 533 police and emergency response service officers. In all three studies, participants provide information about insomnia (ISI), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and psychological functioning (diverse instruments). Descriptive statistics, gender differences, homogeneity and internal consistency, convergent validity, and factorial validity (including measurement invariance across genders) are examined in each sample. Results The findings show that the German version of the ISI has generally acceptable psychometric properties and sufficient concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analyses show that a 1-factor solution achieves good model fit. Furthermore, measurement invariance across gender is supported in all three samples. Conclusions While the ISI has been widely used in German-speaking countries, this study is the first to provide empirical evidence that the German version of this instrument has good psychometric properties and satisfactory convergent and factorial validity across various age groups and both men and women. Thus, the German version of the ISI can be recommended as a brief screening measure in German-speaking populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0876-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                September 2019
                : 23
                : 3
                : 153-161
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud Chile
                Article
                S2174-51452019000300004 S2174-5145(19)02300300004
                10.14306/renhyd.23.3.646
                afb8a746-66fd-40a6-864e-bc14c3f4cdfd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 October 2019
                : 31 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigations

                Obesity,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders,Sleep,Nutritional Status,Obesidad,Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño,Sueño,Estado Nutricional

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