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      Matéria orgânica leve do solo em sistema agroflorestal de corte e trituração sob manejo de capoeira Translated title: Soil light organic matter fractions in slash‑and‑mulch agroforestry system under fallow vegetation management

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os impactos do ciclo pousio‑cultivo sobre as frações leves da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), em sistema agroflorestal sequencial de corte e trituração, com diferentes manejos de capoeira, na Amazônia Oriental. A amostragem foi realizada nas fases de pré‑pousio, pós‑pousio e pós‑cultivo de milho. Foram determinados os estoques de matéria orgânica leve livre (MOL‑L) e matéria orgânica leve oclusa (MOL‑O), carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT) e estoques de C e N na MOL‑L e na MOL‑O. Não houve efeito do manejo da capoeira nas variáveis estudadas, exceto quanto ao NT a 30-50 cm e à MOL‑O a 10-20 cm de profundidade do solo. As frações da matéria orgânica leve foram afetadas pelas fases do sistema agroflorestal sequencial de corte e trituração. Os maiores estoques de C e N foram observados na MOL‑L, nos períodos pós‑pousio e pós‑cultivo. Embora os estoques de C e N totais do solo não tenham aumentado, o aumento da MOL‑L e de seus estoques de C e N indica melhoria e manutenção da qualidade do solo no sistema de corte e trituração da biomassa acumulada em 23 meses de pousio, mesmo após período de cultivo.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the impacts of fallow to crop cycle on the light fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in a slash‑and‑mulch agroforestry system with different fallow vegetation management, in the Eastern Amazon. Sampling was carried out in the pre‑fallow, post‑fallow, and post‑cultivation stages. Stocks of free light organic matter (F‑LOM) and occluded light organic matter (O‑LOM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C and N stocks on F‑LOM and O‑LOM were determined. There was no effect of fallow management in the studied variables, except for TN at 30-50 cm and O‑LOM at 10-20 cm soil depth. Light organic matter fractions were affected by the phases of the agroforestry slash‑and‑mulch system. The highest C and N stocks were observed in F‑LOM in the post‑fallow and post‑cultivation periods. Although there was no increase in total C and N stocks, the increase in F‑LOM and its stocks of C and N indicates the improvement and maintenance of soil quality in the slash-and-mulch system of biomass accumulated in 23 months of fallow, even after crop phase.

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          Most cited references29

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          SAS/STAT® User's Guide

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            Nutrient balance of shifting cultivation by burning or mulching in the Eastern Amazon – evidence for subsoil nutrient accumulation

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              Methods for determination of labile soil organic matter: An overview

              Soil organic matter (SOM) can be divided into three main pools: labile, stable and inert. Research over recent years has focused on the labile fraction (LF), as it is considered a quickly reactive indicator of soil productivity and health, and important as a supply of energy for soil micro-organisms. A wide spectrum of analytical methods has been used to determine and/or evaluate LF, based on physical, chemical and biochemical principles. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are explored in this work, but none of the methods can determine LF sufficiently, either because a part of the LF is not involved or because further characterisation is missing. Although analytical methods are widely used to evaluate changes in soil management or organic carbon turnover, the practical question of the quantity and quality of SOM cannot be answered completely. It is also suggested that future research should focus on the interactions among SOM fractions and their better chemical and functional characterisation. It is possible to use a combination of the analytical methods reviewed here in order to accomplish this objective.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Informação Tecnológica (Brasília )
                1678-3921
                August 2012
                : 47
                : 8
                : 1142-1149
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Brazil
                Article
                S0100-204X2012000800015
                10.1590/S0100-204X2012000800015
                afbde959-6c36-4cc9-bdf3-851566dc0e6a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-204X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Animal agriculture,General agriculture
                Amazon,organic matter cycling,fallow enrichment,organic matter fractionation,labile organic matter,soil quality,Amazônia,ciclagem da matéria orgânica,enriquecimento da capoeira,fracionamento da matéria orgânica,matéria orgânica lábil,qualidade do solo

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