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      Relationship between Kidney Stone Disease and Arterial Stiffness in a Taiwanese Population

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          Abstract

          Previous studies examining the association between kidney stone disease (KSD) and arterial stiffness have been limited. Both age and gender have been found to have an impact on KSD, but their influence on the relationship between KSD and increased arterial stiffness is unclear. This study included 6694 subjects from October 2006 to August 2009. The diagnosis of kidney stone was based on the results of ultrasonographic examination. Increased arterial stiffness was defined as right-sided brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) ≥ 14 m/s. Associations between KSD and increased arterial stiffness were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. KSD was positively related to increased arterial stiffness in both male and female groups (males: odds ratio [OR], 1.306; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.035–1.649; females: OR, 1.585; 95% CI, 1.038–2.419) after adjusting for confounding factors. Subgroup analysis by age group (<50 and ≥50 years) showed a significant positive relationship only in the groups ≥ 50 years for both genders (males: OR, 1.546; 95% CI, 1.111–2.151; females: OR, 1.783; 95% CI, 1.042–3.054), but not in the groups < 50 years. In conclusion, KSD is associated with a higher risk of increased arterial stiffness in individuals aged ≥ 50 years, but not in those aged < 50 years for both genders.

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          Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and the Risk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

          Toshiaki Ohkuma, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Hirofumi Tomiyama … (2017)
          An individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted in the data of 14 673 Japanese participants without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) to examine the association of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with the risk of development of CVD. During the average 6.4-year follow-up period, 687 participants died and 735 developed cardiovascular events. A higher baPWV was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD, even after adjustments for conventional risk factors (P for trend <0.001). When the baPWV values were classified into quintiles, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for CVD increased significantly as the baPWV quintile increased. The hazard ratio in the subjects with baPWV values in quintile 5 versus that in those with the values in quintile 1 was 3.50 (2.14-5.74; P<0.001). Every 1 SD increase of the baPWV was associated with a 1.19-fold (1.10-1.29; P<0.001) increase in the risk of CVD. Moreover, addition of baPWV to a model incorporating the Framingham risk score significantly increased the C statistics from 0.8026 to 0.8131 (P<0.001) and also improved the category-free net reclassification (0.247; P<0.001). The present meta-analysis clearly established baPWV as an independent predictor of the risk of development of CVD in Japanese subjects without preexisting CVD. Thus, measurement of the baPWV could enhance the efficacy of prediction of the risk of development of CVD over that of the Framingham risk score, which is based on the traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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            Arterial ageing: from endothelial dysfunction to vascular calcification.

            M. Tesauro, A Mauriello, V Rovella … (2017)
            Complex structural and functional changes occur in the arterial system with advancing age. The aged artery is characterized by changes in microRNA expression patterns, autophagy, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and arterial calcification with progressively increased mechanical vessel rigidity and stiffness. With age the vascular smooth muscle cells modify their phenotype from contractile to 'synthetic' determining the development of intimal thickening as early as the second decade of life as an adaptive response to forces acting on the arterial wall. The increased permeability observed in intimal thickening could represent the substrate on which low-level atherosclerotic stimuli can promote the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. In elderly patients the atherosclerotic plaques tend to be larger with increased vascular stenosis. In these plaques there is a progressive accumulation of both lipids and collagen and a decrease of inflammation. Similarly the plaques from elderly patients show more calcification as compared with those from younger patients. The coronary artery calcium score is a well-established marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The presence of diffuse calcification in a severely stenotic segment probably induces changes in mechanical properties and shear stress of the arterial wall favouring the rupture of a vulnerable lesion in a less stenotic adjacent segment. Oxidative stress and inflammation appear to be the two primary pathological mechanisms of ageing-related endothelial dysfunction even in the absence of clinical disease. Arterial ageing is no longer considered an inexorable process. Only a better understanding of the link between ageing and vascular dysfunction can lead to significant advances in both preventative and therapeutic treatments with the aim that in the future vascular ageing may be halted or even reversed.
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              "Inflammation and arterial stiffness in humans".

              Snigdha Jain, Rohan Khera, Vicente F Corrales-Medina … (2014)
              Arterial stiffness is an established marker of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and a potential therapeutic target. While hypertension and aging are established factors contributing to arterial stiffness, the role of inflammation in stiffening of the arteries is less well understood. We summarize existing literature regarding inflammation and arterial stiffness, including a discussion of the potential mechanisms by which inflammation may lead to arterial stiffening and studies assessing: (1) The association between subclinical inflammation and arterial stiffness in the general population; (2) The presence of increased arterial stiffness in primary inflammatory diseases; (3) The effect of anti-inflammatory therapy on arterial stiffness in primary inflammatory disease including the effect of statins; (4) Experimental evidence of immunization-induced arterial stiffening in normal adults. We discuss potential opportunities to assess the impact of anti-inflammatory interventions on arterial stiffness in subjects without primary inflammatory conditions. We also review the effect of inflammation on wave reflections.
              Article 0 comments Cited 85 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jcm
                Title: Journal of Clinical Medicine
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2077-0383
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 June 2020
                Publication date Collection: June 2020
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1693
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; sunzihjie@ 123456gmail.com (Z.-J.S.); shiuanrong1313@ 123456hotmail.com (H.-J.H.); hsiangjucheng@ 123456gmail.com (H.-J.C.); jayin0421@ 123456hotmail.com (C.-Y.C.); fhlu@ 123456mail.ncku.edu.tw (F.-H.L.); yiching@ 123456mail.ncku.edu.tw (Y.-C.Y.)
                [2 ]Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.345, Zhuangjing Rd., Douliu City, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan
                [3 ]Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, No.539, Zhongxiao Rd., East Dist., Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: jins@ 123456mail.ncku.edu.tw (J.-S.W.); changcj.ncku@ 123456gmail.com (C.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (J.-S.W.)
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-5811
                Article
                Publisher ID: jcm-09-01693
                DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061693
                PMC ID: 7355902
                PubMed ID: 32498283
                SO-VID: aff492b6-59ba-42d2-bb5b-ba71f6ebeb7c
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 07 May 2020
                Date accepted : 28 May 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: kidney stone,arterial stiffness,pulse wave velocity,age,gender
                Data availability:
                Keywords: kidney stone, arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, age, gender

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