Emma T. Crooks:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-5891
Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Francisco Almanza: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Alessio D’Addabbo:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2542-6465
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
SoftwareRole: Writing – review & editing
Erika Duggan:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-9126
Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: Validation
Jinsong Zhang: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Kshitij Wagh: Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Huihui Mou:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-368X
Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Joel D. Allen: Role: Data curationRole: Investigation
Alyssa Thomas: Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Keiko Osawa: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Bette T. Korber:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-5757
Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Yaroslav Tsybovsky: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review &
editing
Evan Cale: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
John Nolan: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Max Crispin:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-2694
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Laurent K. Verkoczy:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-6645
Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
James M. Binley:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6111
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review &
editing
Ronald Swanstrom: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Pathog
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Pathog
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS Pathogens
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Print):
1553-7366
ISSN
(Electronic):
1553-7374
Publication date
(Electronic):
22
October
2021
Publication date Collection:
October
2021
Volume: 17
Issue: 10
Electronic Location Identifier: e1009807
Affiliations
[1
]
San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
[2
]
School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
[3
]
Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
[4
]
Cellarcus BioSciences, La Jolla, California, United States of America
[5
]
Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico, United States of America
[6
]
Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter,
Florida, United States of America
[7
]
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.,
Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
[8
]
Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNITED STATES
Author notes
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[¤a]
Current address: Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, California, United
States of America
[¤b]
Current address: Trilink Biotechnologies, San Diego, California, United States of
America
[¤c]
Current address: Sysmex R&D Center Americas, Escondido, California, United States
of America
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PPATHOGENS-D-21-01452
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009807
PMC ID: 8565784
PubMed ID: 34679128
SO-VID: aff4ded2-7d0f-4b58-ac53-65bda35d9c5d
License:
This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced,
distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any
lawful purpose. The work is made available under the
Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000060, national institute of allergy and infectious diseases;
Award ID: RO1 AI93278
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6111
James M. Binley
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002, national institutes of health;
Award ID: HHSN261200800001
Award Recipient
:
Yaroslav Tsybovsky
This work was supported by NIH grants AI93278 (JMB), and by federal funds from the
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NIH, under Contract HHSN261200800001
(YT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision
to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Medical conditions
Subject:
Infectious diseases
Subject:
Infectious disease control
Subject:
Vaccines
Subject:
Viral vaccines
Subject:
HIV vaccines
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Virology
Subject:
Viral vaccines
Subject:
HIV vaccines
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Molecular Biology
Subject:
Molecular Biology Techniques
Subject:
Transfection
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Molecular Biology Techniques
Subject:
Transfection
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Chemical Compounds
Subject:
Organic Compounds
Subject:
Carbohydrates
Subject:
Mannose
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Organic Chemistry
Subject:
Organic Compounds
Subject:
Carbohydrates
Subject:
Mannose
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Structures and Organelles
Subject:
Vesicles
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Immune Physiology
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune System Proteins
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune System Proteins
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Proteins
Subject:
Immune System Proteins
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Types
Subject:
Animal Cells
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
Antibody-Producing Cells
Subject:
B Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
Antibody-Producing Cells
Subject:
B Cells
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
Antibody-Producing Cells
Subject:
B Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Types
Subject:
Animal Cells
Subject:
Blood Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
B Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Types
Subject:
Animal Cells
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
B Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
B Cells
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
B Cells
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Infectious Disease Control
Subject:
Vaccines
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Chromatographic Techniques
Subject:
Liquid Chromatography
Subject:
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Analytical Chemistry
Subject:
Mass Spectrometry
Subject:
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Spectrum Analysis Techniques
Subject:
Mass Spectrometry
Subject:
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry