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      Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

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          Novel ecosystems: theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order

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            Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean.

            Impacts of chronic overfishing are evident in population depletions worldwide, yet indirect ecosystem effects induced by predator removal from oceanic food webs remain unpredictable. As abundances of all 11 great sharks that consume other elasmobranchs (rays, skates, and small sharks) fell over the past 35 years, 12 of 14 of these prey species increased in coastal northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Effects of this community restructuring have cascaded downward from the cownose ray, whose enhanced predation on its bay scallop prey was sufficient to terminate a century-long scallop fishery. Analogous top-down effects may be a predictable consequence of eliminating entire functional groups of predators.
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              Thresholds and breakpoints in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
                Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
                Wiley-Blackwell
                2332-8878
                July 2015
                July 2015
                : 1
                : 5
                : art17
                Article
                10.1890/EHS14-0024.1
                b00bd81e-87bf-4999-baf6-eb63e9877586
                © 2015

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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