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      De Sitter vs Quintessence in String Theory

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 3 , 3 , 6
      Fortschritte der Physik
      Wiley

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          Hierarchies from Fluxes in String Compactifications

          Warped compactifications with significant warping provide one of the few known mechanisms for naturally generating large hierarchies of physical scales. We demonstrate that this mechanism is realizable in string theory, and give examples involving orientifold compactifications of IIB string theory and F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau four-folds. In each case, the hierarchy of scales is fixed by a choice of RR and NS fluxes in the compact manifold. Our solutions involve compactifications of the Klebanov-Strassler gravity dual to a confining N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory,and the hierarchy reflects the small scale of chiral symmetry breaking in the dual gauge theory.
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            de Sitter Vacua in String Theory

            We outline the construction of metastable de Sitter vacua of type IIB string theory. Our starting point is highly warped IIB compactifications with nontrivial NS and RR three-form fluxes. By incorporating known corrections to the superpotential from Euclidean D-brane instantons or gaugino condensation, one can make models with all moduli fixed, yielding a supersymmetric AdS vacuum. Inclusion of a small number of anti-D3 branes in the resulting warped geometry allows one to uplift the AdS minimum and make it a metastable de Sitter ground state. The lifetime of our metastable de Sitter vacua is much greater than the cosmological timescale of 10^10 years. We also prove, under certain conditions, that the lifetime of dS space in string theory will always be shorter than the recurrence time.
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              Flux Compactification

              We review recent work in which compactifications of string and M theory are constructed in which all scalar fields (moduli) are massive, and supersymmetry is broken with a small positive cosmological constant, features needed to reproduce real world physics. We explain how this work implies that there is a ``landscape'' of string/M theory vacua, perhaps containing many candidates for describing real world physics, and present the arguments for and against this idea. We discuss statistical surveys of the landscape, and the prospects for testable consequences of this picture, such as observable effects of moduli, constraints on early cosmology, and predictions for the scale of supersymmetry breaking.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Fortschritte der Physik
                Fortschr. Phys.
                Wiley
                00158208
                January 2019
                January 2019
                October 11 2018
                : 67
                : 1-2
                : 1800079
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia; Università di Bologna; via Irnerio 46 40126 Bologna Italy
                [2 ]INFN, Sezione di Bologna; viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna Italy
                [3 ]ICTP; Strada Costiera 11 Trieste 34014 Italy
                [4 ]Physics Department; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
                [5 ]Harish Chandra Research Institute, Homi Bhabha National Institute; Jhunsi, Allahabad Uttar Pardesh India 211019
                [6 ]DAMTP; Centre for Mathematical Sciences; Wilberforce Road Cambridge CB3 0WA UK
                Article
                10.1002/prop.201800079
                b02c4caa-6844-4251-8873-e7e5bb120ed1
                © 2018

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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