73
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Global costs of attaining the Millennium Development Goal for water supply and sanitation Translated title: Costos mundiales del logro del Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio sobre el abastecimiento de agua y el saneamiento Translated title: Coûts globaux de la réalisation de l'objectif du Millénaire pour le développement relatif à l'approvisionnement en eau et à l'assainissement

      research-article
      ,
      Bulletin of the World Health Organization
      World Health Organization

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: Target 10 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to "halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation". Because of its impacts on a range of diseases, it is a health-related MDG target. This study presents cost estimates of attaining MDG target 10. METHODS: We estimate the population to be covered to attain the MDG target using data on household use of improved water and sanitation for 1990 and 2004, and taking into account population growth. We assume this estimate is achieved in equal annual increments from the base year, 2005, until 2014. Costs per capita for investment and recurrent costs are applied. Country data is aggregated to 11 WHO developing country subregions and globally. FINDINGS: Estimated spending required in developing countries on new coverage to meet the MDG target is US\(42 billion for water and US\) 142 billion for sanitation, a combined annual equivalent of US\(18 billion. The cost of maintaining existing services totals an additional US\) 322 billion for water supply and US $216 billion for sanitation, a combined annual equivalent of US\(54 billion. Spending for new coverage is largely rural (64%), while for maintaining existing coverage it is largely urban (73%). Additional programme costs, incurred administratively outside the point of delivery of interventions, of between 10% and 30% are required for effective implementation. CONCLUSION: In assessing financing requirements, estimates of cost should include the operation, maintenance and replacement of existing coverage as well as new services and programme costs. Country-level costing studies are needed to guide sector financing.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: La meta 10 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) consiste en «reducir a la mitad para el año 2015 el porcentaje de personas sin acceso sostenible al agua potable y al saneamiento básico». Debido a su repercusión en un amplio espectro de enfermedades, se trata de una de las metas de los ODM relacionadas con la salud. En este estudio se presentan estimaciones de los costos de alcanzar la meta 10 de los ODM. MÉTODOS: Estimamos la población a la que dar cobertura para lograr la meta de los ODM a partir de datos relativos al uso doméstico de los sistemas mejorados de abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento entre 1990 y 2004, teniendo en cuenta el crecimiento de la población. Asumimos que esa estimación corresponde a incrementos anuales idénticos desde el año base, 2005, hasta 2014, y se aplicaron los costos por habitante para la inversión y los gastos ordinarios. Los datos de los países se agregaron para 11 subregiones de países en desarrollo de la OMS y para todo el mundo. RESULTADOS: El gasto estimado requerido en los países en desarrollo para asegurar la nueva cobertura necesaria a fin de alcanzar la meta de los ODM asciende a US\) 42 000 millones para el agua y US\(142 000 millones para el saneamiento, lo que combinado arroja una cifra anual de US\) 18 000 millones. El costo de mantener los servicios existentes totaliza otros US \(322 000 millones para el abastecimiento de agua y US\) 216 000 millones para el saneamiento, esto es, sumándolos, el equivalente anual a US\(54 000 millones. El gasto para nuevas coberturas se centra sobre todo en las zonas rurales (64%), mientras que el destinado a mantener la cobertura existente se centra fundamentalmente en las urbanas (73%). Una implementación eficaz exige además unos gastos programáticos de entre el 10% y el 30% en concepto de apoyo administrativo fuera del punto de las intervenciones. CONCLUSIÓN: A la hora de evaluar las necesidades financieras, las estimaciones de costos deberían abarcar el funcionamiento, el mantenimiento y el reemplazamiento de la cobertura existente, así como nuevos servicios y gastos programáticos. Es preciso realizar estudios de estimación de los costos a nivel de país para orientar la financiación sectorial.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIF: La cible 10 des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD) est de « réduire de moitié, d'ici à 2015, le pourcentage de la population qui n'a pas accès de façon durable à un approvisionnement en eau de boisson salubre et à des services d'assainissement de base ». En raison de son impact sur une série de maladies, c'est un OMD en rapport avec la santé. La présente étude fournit une estimation des coûts pour réaliser la cible 10 des OMD. MÉTHODES: Nous avons estimé la population à couvrir pour atteindre cette cible à partir des données sur l'utilisation par les ménages de sources d'eau et d'assainissements améliorés en 1990 et 2004, en tenant compte de la croissance de la population. Nous avons supposé que cette estimation avait été atteinte par incréments annuels de l'année de référence 2005 jusqu'en 2014. Nous avons appliqué les coûts d'investissement et de fonctionnement par habitant. Nous avons agrégé les données nationales pour les 11 sous-régions de développement de l'OMS et pour l'ensemble du monde. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons estimé à US \) 42 milliards pour l'eau et à US \(142 milliards pour l'assainissement, soit au total un équivalent annuel de US \) 18 milliards, les dépenses nécessaires dans les pays en développement pour étendre la couverture de manière à atteindre la cible 10. Le maintien des services existants nécessite US \(322 milliards supplémentaires pour l'approvisionnement en eau et US \) 216 milliards pour l'assainissement, soit au total US $ 54 milliards par an. Les dépenses pour étendre la couverture bénéficieront principalement au ruraux (64 %), tandis que celles consacrées au maintien de la couverture existante profiteront largement aux urbains (73 %). Une mise en œuvre efficace du programme imposera un supplément de dépenses programmatiques de 10 à 30 % pour couvrir des coûts administratifs en dehors du point de délivrance des interventions. CONCLUSION: Dans l'évaluation des besoins financiers, il faut estimer les coûts de fonctionnement, de maintien et de remplacement de la couverture existante, ainsi que les coûts de nouveaux services et les coûts programmatiques. Des études de coûts au niveau national sont nécessaires pour guider le secteur financier.

          Related collections

          Most cited references39

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions.

          The aim of this study was to estimate the economic benefits and costs of a range of interventions to improve access to water supply and sanitation facilities in the developing world. Results are presented for eleven developing country WHO sub-regions as well as at the global level, in United States Dollars (US$) for the year 2000. Five different types of water supply and sanitation improvement were modelled: achieving the water millennium development goal of reducing by half in 2015 those without improved water supply in the year 1990; achieving the combined water supply and sanitation MDG; universal basic access to water supply and sanitation; universal basic access plus water purification at the point-of-use; and regulated piped water supply and sewer connection. Predicted reductions in the incidence of diarrhoeal disease were calculated based on the expected population receiving these interventions. The costs of the interventions included estimations of the full investment and annual running costs. The benefits of the interventions included time savings due to easier access, gain in productive time and reduced health care costs saved due to less illness, and prevented deaths. The results show that all water and sanitation improvements are cost-beneficial in all developing world sub-regions. In developing regions, the return on a US$1 investment was in the range US$5 to US$46, depending on the intervention. For the least developed regions, investing every US$1 to meet the combined water supply and sanitation MDG lead to a return of at least US$5 (AFR-D, AFR-E, SEAR-D) or US$12 (AMR-B; EMR-B; WPR-B). The main contributor to economic benefits was time savings associated with better access to water and sanitation services, contributing at least 80% to overall economic benefits. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that even under pessimistic data assumptions the potential economic benefits outweighed the costs in all developing world regions. Further country case-studies are recommended as a follow up to this global analysis.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Estimating the costs and health benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level.

            The aim of this study was to estimate the costs and the health benefits of the following interventions: increasing access to improved water supply and sanitation facilities, increasing access to in house piped water and sewerage connection, and providing household water treatment, in ten WHO sub-regions. The cost-effectiveness of each intervention was assessed in terms of US dollars per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted. This analysis found that almost all interventions were cost-effective, especially in developing countries with high mortality rates. The estimated cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) varied between US$20 per DALY averted for disinfection at point of use to US$13,000 per DALY averted for improved water and sanitation facilities. While increasing access to piped water supply and sewage connections on plot was the intervention that had the largest health impact across all sub-regions, household water treatment was found to be the most cost-effective intervention. A policy shift to include better household water quality management to complement the continuing expansion of coverage and upgrading of services would appear to be a cost-effective health intervention in many developing countries.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Meeting the MDG drinking water and sanitation target: The urban and rural challenge of the decade

              (2006)
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra, Genebra, Switzerland )
                0042-9686
                January 2008
                : 86
                : 1
                : 13-19
                Affiliations
                [01] Phnom Penh orgnameWorld Bank orgdiv1Water and Sanitation Program Cambodia
                [02] Geneva orgnameWorld Health Organization Switzerland
                Article
                S0042-96862008000100010 S0042-9686(08)08600110
                b0932f52-2b4b-49f7-b528-6545c6c1a994

                History
                : 28 September 2007
                : 23 September 2007
                : 16 July 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Research

                Comments

                Comment on this article