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      LA PREVENCIÓN DEL TABAQUISMO Y EL ALCOHOLISMO EN ADOLESCENTES Y JÓVENES DESDE LAS INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS Translated title: ACTIONS TO PREVENT TOBACCO AND ALCOHOLISM ADDICTION IN TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS FROM EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

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          Abstract

          Las drogadicciones constituyen una de las más complejas problemáticas del mundo. Estudios realizados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud revelan una disminución de la edad de inicio del consumo de sustancias adictivas como el tabaco y el alcohol que constituyen drogas porteras; siendo consideradas la adolescencia y la juventud etapas de riesgo. Las instituciones educativas no pueden permanecer ajenas a esta tarea pues tienen la misión de formar integralmente a sus estudiantes. Sin embargo, en ocasiones, los docentes no cuentan con la formación y experiencia necesarias para desarrollar acciones preventivas, dado que la complejidad de esta problemática exige un abordaje multisectorial. El presente artículo de revisión persigue como propósito ofrecer a los maestros y líderes académicos algunos referentes teórico-metodológicos para garantizar una mayor efectividad en las acciones preventivas.

          Translated abstract

          One of the most complex problems in the world is drug addiction. Studies conducted by the World Health Organization revealed a decreasing life span beginning at the early onset of the consumption of addictive, portable drugs such as tobacco and alcohol, which are being consid-ered for consumption by most adolescents in their young stages of life. Educational institutions cannot put aside their task of educating "at-drug-use-risk" adolescents since this is one of their missions. However, sometimes teachers cannot rely on, nor do not they have the necessary train-ing and/or experience to develop and implement preventative measures, given the complexity of the problem requires a cross-sectional approach. This summary aims to avail teachers as well as academic leaders with some theoretical and methodological tools to ensure greater effectiveness in their development and implementation of drug use, preventative measures.

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          Most cited references33

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          Significación médico social y ético-humanística de las drogas

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            Nicotine addiction.

            N Benowitz (1999)
            Nicotine maintains tobacco addiction. Nicotine acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors, which demonstrate diversity in subunit structure, function, and distribution in the nervous system, mediating the multiple actions of nicotine described in tobacco users. Nicotine addiction is more prevalent and more severe in people with a history of major depression, schizophrenia, or alcohol or other drug abuse problems. The cigarette is a highly efficient drug delivery system, delivering nicotine rapidly and in relatively high concentrations to the brain, a situation that optimizes the likelihood of self-administration. The severity of nicotine addiction can be as- sessed using the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire or the DSM-IV, but these instruments are imprecise predictors of the key behavior in addiction, which is the difficulty in stopping tobacco use when there are compelling reasons to do so.
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              Consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios

              Estudio transversal, con 787 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Bogotá D.C. Sus objetivos fueron determinar la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol, del alcoholismo y del riesgo de alcoholismo, y establecer el patrón del consumo actual de alcohol. Se utilizó una encuesta para recolectar los datos dentro de la cual se incluyó el índice CAGE. Se encontró una prevalencia de alcoholismo del 23% y de riesgo de alcoholismo del 75%. Los resultados indican que el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios inicia en la secundaria y es una conducta problemática que amerita ser ampliada y analizada más detalladamente, teniendo en cuenta otras variables y perfeccionando el diagnóstico del alcoholismo y su riesgo para lograr una identificación e intervención temprana.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                psico
                Psicogente
                Psicogente
                Universidad Simón Bolívar
                0124-0137
                January 2014
                : 17
                : 31
                : 93-106
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación
                [2 ] Universidad Central Marta Abreu de las Villas
                [3 ] Universidad Central Marta Abreu de las Villas
                Article
                S0124-01372014000100007
                b0986291-cc01-4c00-8669-6d7ef4a5f7eb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0124-0137&lng=en
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Drug addictions,Tobacco addiction,Alcoholism,Risk factors,Prevention,Drogadicciones,Tabaquismo,Alcoholismo,Factores de riesgo,Prevención

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