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      Treatment of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis following root canal therapy at the 1-year follow-up: report of two cases

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          Abstract

          The objective of this report was to use topical gaseous ozone as an adjunct to conventional treatment methods and to describe the multidisciplinary management of bisphosphonate associated bone necrosis, which developed following endodontic treatment. No complaints were noted by the patients at their 1-year follow-up and the treatment showed favorable prognosis.

          Most cited references27

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          American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws--2009 update.

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            Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: a review of 63 cases.

            Bisphosphonates are widely used in the management of metastatic disease to the bone and in the treatment of osteoporosis. We were struck in the past 3 years with a cluster of patients with necrotic lesions in the jaw who shared 1 common clinical feature, that they had all received chronic bisphosphonate therapy. The necrosis that was detected was otherwise typical of osteoradionecrosis, an entity that we rarely encountered at our center, with less than 2 patients presenting with a similar manifestation per year. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to our Oral Surgery service between February 2001 and November 2003 with the diagnosis of refractory osteomyelitis and a history of chronic bisphosphonate therapy. Sixty-three patients have been identified with such a diagnosis. Fifty-six patients had received intravenous bisphosphonates for at least 1 year and 7 patients were on chronic oral bisphosphonate therapy. The typical presenting lesions were either a nonhealing extraction socket or an exposed jawbone; both were refractory to conservative debridement and antibiotic therapy. Biopsy of these lesions showed no evidence of metastatic disease. The majority of these patients required surgical procedures to remove the involved bone. In view of the current trend of increasing and widespread use of chronic bisphosphonate therapy, our observation of an associated risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw should alert practitioners to monitor for this previously unrecognized potential complication. An early diagnosis might prevent or reduce the morbidity resulting from advanced destructive lesions of the jaw bone.
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              Frequency and risk factors associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates.

              Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been reported in patients treated with bisphosphonates. The incidence and risk factors associated with this disorder have not been clearly defined. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4019 patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates between 1996 and 2004. Our goals were to estimate the frequency, understand the clinical presentation, and identify risk factors associated with ONJ development. Sixteen of 1338 patients with breast cancer (1.2%) and 13 of 548 patients with multiple myeloma (2.4%) developed ONJ. The median dose and duration of treatment with pamidronate or zoledronic acid were significantly higher in patients with ONJ (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified treatment with zoledronic acid (hazards ratio [HR], 15.01; 95% CI: 2.41-93.48; p = 0.0037), treatment with pamidronate followed by zoledronic acid (HR, 4.00; 95% CI: 0.86-18.70; p = 0.078), and dental extractions (HR, 53.19; 95% CI: 18.20-155.46; p < 0.0001) as significant risks for ONJ in breast cancer. In multiple myeloma, dental extractions (HR, 9.78; 95% CI: 3.07-31.14; p = 0.0001) and osteoporosis (HR, 6.11; 95% CI: 1.56-23.98; p = 0.0095) were significant risk factors while controlling for bisphosphonate therapy. Thirteen of 29 patients were followed for a median of 17.1 mo (range, 7-67 mo); lesions healed in 3 patients during this period. ONJ is an uncommon but long-lasting disorder that occurs mainly in breast cancer and multiple myeloma patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates. High cumulative doses of bisphosphonates, poor oral health, and dental extractions may be significant risk factors for ONJ development. ONJ resolved in 23% of patients with conservative therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Dove Medical Press
                1176-6336
                1178-203X
                2013
                2013
                02 December 2013
                : 9
                : 477-482
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
                [2 ]Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Meric Karapinar Kazandag, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Baǧdat cad No 238 Goztepe, 34728, Istanbul, Turkey, Tel +90 532 647 3469, Email mkarapinar@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                tcrm-9-477
                10.2147/TCRM.S52630
                3861363
                b0b6b76c-c8f8-442d-9f5f-a951f4e6847c
                © 2013 Kaptan et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

                The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Case Series

                Medicine
                bisphosphonate,osteonecrosis,bronj,endodontics,ozone,oxygen
                Medicine
                bisphosphonate, osteonecrosis, bronj, endodontics, ozone, oxygen

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