The Buruli ulcer (B. U.) is rampant in many tropical and subtropical countries. In D.R. of Congo, some cases of Buruli ulcer have been reported between 1950 and 1970 in the endemic focus of Songololo-Kimpese (Lower-Congo Province). The objective of this study was to provide some anthropological knowledge for better treatment of this pathology; to confirm the presence of Buruli ulcer in that focus and to describe general caracteristics of the subjects. This disease looked upon as "mbasu" (in the Ndibu population in majority in that focus) is experienced as a malediction, or punishment. The success of a program to fight against Buruli ulcer lies on health education which takes into account the representation systems of diseases.