Holistic approach supporting mental wellbeing of people in enforced quarantine in South Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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Abstract

Objectives: To report the experience of quarantine for international arrivals to South Australia requiring quarantine in a medi‐hotel setting during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to describe the range of evidence‐based support services to mitigate the mental health impacts of quarantine.

Methods: A range of services targeted at physical and mental wellbeing were provided. Data from 533 adult respondents out of 721 passengers were included. The Kessler 10 was used to measure psychological distress at two time points.

Results: About 7.1% of respondents reported psychological distress at time one, reduced to 2.4% at time two. There was no significant difference in psychological distress by gender at either time point. The mean K10 score at time one was 13.6 (standard deviation=5.2) and the mean score at time two was 11.5 (standard deviation=3.1), with a significant reduction in mean scores ( p<0.001) between the two time points.

Conclusions: The level of psychological stress in repatriated Australians was low at arrival and improved further at the time of release from quarantine.

Implications for public health: A collaborative multi‐sector approach to provide support services for individuals in quarantine can mitigate risks to mental wellbeing.

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The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence

Samantha K. Brooks, Rebecca K Webster, Louise E. Smith … (2022)

Summary The December, 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence. We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable.

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Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan … (2020)

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in the General Population: A Systematic Review

Jiaqi Xiong, Orly Lipsitz, Flora Nasri … (2020)

Highlights • The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. • Relatively high rates of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress, and stress were reported in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. • Common risk factors associated with mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic include female gender, younger age group (≤40 years), presence of chronic/psychiatric illnesses, unemployment, student status, and frequent exposure to social media/news concerning COVID-19. • Mitigation of COVID-19 induced psychological distress requires government intervention and individual efforts.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Aust N Z J Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Aust N Z J Public Health

Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1753-6405

Journal ID (publisher-id): AZPH

Title: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Print): 1326-0200

ISSN (Electronic): 1753-6405

Publication date (Electronic): 07 June 2021

Electronic Location Identifier: 10.1111/1753-6405.13106

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Prevention and Population Health Wellbeing SA South Australia

[ ² ] Health Protection and Licensing Services Department for Health and Ageing Government of South Australia

[ ³ ] SA Health South Australia

[ ⁴ ] SA COVID‐19 Mental Health Support Line South Australia

Author notes

[*] Correspondence to: Dr Sonali Meena, Health Protection and Licensing Services, Department for Health and Ageing, Government of South Australia, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide SA 5000; e‐mail: sonali.meena@ 123456sa.gov.au

Article

Publisher ID: AZPH13106

DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13106

PMC ID: 8209925

PubMed ID: 34097327

SO-VID: b0bb9bca-324b-4451-b7e7-7f8941c5f178

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This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

History

Date revision received : 01 February 2021

Date received : 01 August 2020

Date accepted : 01 March 2021

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Figures: 0, Tables: 4, References: 26, Pages: 5, Words: 4716

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details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.2 mode:remove_FC converted:17.06.2021

Keywords: international arrivals,quarantine,mental wellbeing,covid‐19,south australia

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Keywords: international arrivals, quarantine, mental wellbeing, covid‐19, south australia

Holistic approach supporting mental wellbeing of people in enforced quarantine in South Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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Wiley: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19

Most cited references 31

The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence

Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in the General Population: A Systematic Review

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