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      Comparação do percentual de gordura obtido por bioimpedância, ultrassom e dobras cutâneas em adultos jovens Translated title: Comparison of the fat percentage obtained by bioimpedance, ultrasound and skinfolds in young adults

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Comparar o ultrassom (US) portátil e a bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) com as dobras cutâneas (DC) para estimar o percentual de gordura corporal em adultos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 195 militares, sexo masculino, sendo coletados: peso, estatura, percentual de gordura por bioimpedância, dobras cutâneas e ultrassom (US) em nove pontos (tríceps, subescapular, bíceps, peitoral, médio axilar, abdominal, suprailíaca, coxa e panturrilha). Além da estatística descritiva, foram utilizados gráficos de dispersão, o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente de correlação π (rho) de Spearman, o Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test e a regressão linear para a elaboração de uma nova equação para a estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal em adultos jovens (do sexo masculino). RESULTADOS: O grupo apresentou idade média de 23,07 ± 7,55 anos, para peso e estatura os valores da média e desvio padrão foram: 72,65 ± 10,40 kg; 1,74 ± 0,06 metros, respectivamente. Comparando os resultados entre US e DC, verificaram-se correlações significativas para todos os pontos avaliados, sendo a prega da coxa a com maior correlação, seguida pelo peitoral. Comparando-se os três métodos, o US apresentou melhor correlação com a BIA do que com as DC. Pode-se propor uma nova equação de estimativa do percentual de gordura por US, que apresentou uma melhor correlação com o método das DC do que aquela utilizada pelo próprio equipamento. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível verificar que na população estudada o US e a BIA podem estimar o percentual de gordura corporal com boas correlações com o método da DC.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTIONS E OBJECTIVE: To compare portable ultrasound (US) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) with skinfolds (SF) to estimate body fat percentage in adults. METHODS: 195 military men were assessed and they had their weight, height, body fat by bioimpedance, skinfold in 9 points and ultrasound (US) collected. Linear Regression was used for the development of a new equation for body fat percentage estimation in young adults (males). RESULTS: The group had mean age of 23.07 ± 7.55 years and height and weight with mean and standard deviation of 72.65 ± 10.40 kg, 1.74 ± 0.06 meters, respectively. Comparing the results between the US and SF, there was significant correlation for all points evaluated, with the thigh skinfold presenting the highest correlation, followed by the chest one. When the three methods are compared, the US presented better correlation with the BIA than with SF. A new equation for estimation of fat percentage by US can hence be proposed. CONCLUSIONS: It was noticed that in the studied population, US and BIA can estimate the body fat percentage with good correlations with the SF method.

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          Influence of excess adiposity on exercise fitness and performance in overweight children and adolescents.

          Relatively little is known about how excess body mass affects adolescents' capacity to perform sustained exercise. We hypothesized that most of the difficulty that severely overweight adolescents have with sustained exercise occurs because the metabolic costs of moving excess mass result in use of a high proportion of their total oxygen reserve. We compared results from a maximal cycle ergometry fitness test in 129 severely overweight adolescents who had BMIs of 41.5 +/- 9.7 kg/m2 and ages of 14.5 +/- 1.8 years (range: 12.1-17.8 years) and 34 nonoverweight adolescents who had BMIs of 20.1 +/- 2.9 kg/m2 and ages of 14.5 +/- 1.5 years (range: 12.0-18.1 years). Oxygen uptake (Vo2) was compared at 3 times: during a 4-minute period of unloaded cycling (ULVo2), at the lactate threshold estimated by gas exchange (LTVo2), and at maximal exertion (Vo2 max). Heart rate was obtained at rest and at Vo2 max. Participants also completed a 12-minute walk/run performance test to obtain distance traveled (D12) and heart rate. Absolute LTVo2 and Vo2 max and LTVo2 as a percentage of Vo2 max were not different in overweight and nonoverweight adolescents during the cycle test. However, absolute ULVo2 was significantly greater in overweight adolescents: ULVo2 accounted for 35 +/- 8% of Vo2 max (and 63 +/- 15% of LTVo2) in overweight adolescents but only 20 +/- 5% of Vo2 max (and 39 +/- 12% of LTVo2) in nonoverweight adolescents. Resting heart rate before initiating the cycle test was significantly greater in overweight than nonoverweight adolescents (94 +/- 14 vs 82 +/- 15 beats per minute). However, maximal heart rate during the cycle test was significantly lower in overweight adolescents (186 +/- 13 vs 196 +/- 11 beats per minute). During the walk/run test, mean D12 was significantly shorter for overweight than for nonoverweight adolescents (1983 +/- 323 vs 1159 +/- 194 m). D12 was negatively related to BMI SDS (r = -0.81) and to ULVo2 (r = -0.98). Overweight and nonoverweight adolescents had similar absolute Vo2 at the lactate threshold and at maximal exertion, suggesting that overweight adolescents are more limited by the increased cardiorespiratory effort required to move their larger body mass through space than by cardiorespiratory deconditioning. The higher percentage of oxygen consumed during submaximal exercise indicates that overweight adolescents are burdened by the metabolic cost of their excess mass. Their greater oxygen demand during an unloaded task predicted poorer performance during sustained exercise. Exercise prescriptions for overweight adolescents should account for the limited exercise tolerance imposed by excess body mass, focusing on activities that keep demands below lactate threshold so that exercise can be sustained.
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            Revisão crítica dos métodos disponíveis para avaliar a composição corporal em grandes estudos populacionais e clínicos

            A avaliação da composição corporal é de extrema importância para o diagnóstico do estado nutricional individual e populacional e para o estabelecimento de condutas clíniconutricionais adequadas. O excesso de gordura corporal está, freqüentemente, associado a alterações metabólicas importantes e às doenças crônicas, como diabetes, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemias. A disponibilidade de métodos que permitam estimar a composição corporal é fundamental para avaliação de atletas e do estado de saúde de indivíduos. Há diversos métodos para análise da composição corporal, e é importante conhecer a limitação de cada um e a sua validade para que as estimativas obtidas sejam confiáveis e interpretadas corretamente. Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar a aplicabilidade de alguns indicadores do estado nutricional e de métodos de avaliação da composição corporal, tais como índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura-quadril, medidas de dobras cutâneas, bioimpedância elétrica e interactância de infravermelho próximo.
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              Estimation of body fat in young men.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbme
                Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
                Rev Bras Med Esporte
                Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte (São Paulo )
                1806-9940
                October 2013
                : 19
                : 5
                : 323-327
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S1517-86922013000500004
                10.1590/S1517-86922013000500004
                b0c17bb4-a3fc-471c-be12-493d674d7f28

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-8692&lng=en
                Categories
                PHYSIOLOGY
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine,Anatomy & Physiology
                ultrasound,bioimpedance,skinfolds,body composition,ultrassom,bioimpedância,dobras cutâneas,composição corporal

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