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      Tendinitis calcificante de hombro: factores de riesgo y efectividad de la iontoforesis con ácido acético 5 % más ultrasonido: estudio cuasiexperimental prospectivo a 5 años con 138 casos Translated title: Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: risk factors and effectiveness of iontophoresis with acetic acid 5 % plus ultrasound: prospective quasi-experimental study at 5 years with 138 cases

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar clínicamente la tendinitis calcificante (TC) y demostrar la efectividad de la iontoforesis del ácido acético al 5 % y el ultrasonido en el tratamiento de la TC. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, cuasiexperimental, tipo antes y después de la intervención, a 138 pacientes que asistieron al Departamento de Rehabilitación, del Hospital de la Fundación General Santísima Trinidad, Salamanca, de junio de 2014 a diciembre del 2018. Medidas de resultado: 1) dolor: medido por la escala analógica visual (EVA); 2) tamaño de la calcificación: en milímetros (mm), ambos medidos al inicio/final del tratamiento; 3) limitación funcional (en porcentaje de pacientes) pre/post intervención. Intervención: iontoforesis con ácido acético al 5 % a 4,7 mA x 10 minutos y ultrasonido 1W/cm2/1Hz/5 minutos sobre calcificación. Resultados: Edad media: 54,6 años (n = 138); mujer (73,1 %; n = 101); proporción mujer/hombre 3: 1; tendón supraespinoso (94,6 %; n = 124); subescapular (5,4 %; n = 14); hombro izquierdo (55,1 %; n = 76), hombro derecho (44,9 %; n = 62); bilateral 1,4 % (n = 2); diestros 96,3 % (n = 133); antecedentes personales: tabaquismo (19,5 %; n = 27), diabetes (7,2 %; n = 10). El tiempo de enfermedad promedio fue de 6,08 meses. Dolor agudo-subagudo (menos de 3 meses) 47,1 %; (n = 65), dolor crónico (más de 3 meses) 52,9 % (n = 73). Tipo radiológico: formativo 75,3 % (n = 104), resortivo 24,7 % (n = 34). Número promedio de sesiones: 20. Complicaciones del tratamiento 2,8 % (n = 4): intolerancia/eritema/quemadura. Ocupación: administrativo 39,8 % (n = 55), trabajos manuales 60,2 % (n = 83). El dolor inicial EVA de 7,3 puntos disminuyó significativamente (p = 0,0000) después del tratamiento a 2,7. El tamaño promedio inicial de las calcificaciones fue de 10,7 mm y disminuyó significativamente (p = 0,0000) después del tratamiento a 3,8 mm. Cambio de calcificación: tasa de éxito/curación 55,7 % (n = 77), tasa de mejora 20,2 % (n = 28); tasa de fracaso del 23,9 % (n = 33). La limitación funcional disminuyó de un 10,8 % a un 2,1 %. Conclusiones: La TC es común en mujeres trabajadoras de mediana edad. Afecta el tendón supraespinoso. Se asocia con el tabaquismo y la diabetes. Factores de riesgo ocupacional son las posiciones mantenidas y manipulación de cargas. La iontoforesis con ácido acético al 5 % más ultrasonido es una técnica segura, simple y económica, capaz de reducir el dolor y la calcificación, y mejorar la limitación funcional, con un grado de evidencia científica recomendado (2B).

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize clinically calcifying tendonitis (CT) and to conduct a prospective quasi-experimental before-and-after study in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of 5 % acetic acid iontophoresis and ultrasound in the treatment of CT. Material and methods: Prospective, observational, quasi-experimental before-after intervention study to 138 patients who attended to Rehabilitation Department, Santísima Trinidad's General Foundation Hospital, Salamanca, from June-2014 to December-2018. Outcome Measures: 1) pain: measured by Visual Analogical Scale (VAS); 2) calcification size: in millimetres (mm); 3) functional limitation of shoulder movement (% of patients), all measured at the beginning/end of treatment. Intervention: iontophoresis with 5 % acetic acid at 4,7mA x 10 minutes and ultrasound 1W/cm2x 5 minutes over calcification. Results: Mean age 54.6 years (n = 138). Female (73.1 %; n = 101); female to male ratio 3:1. Supraspinatus tendon (94.6 %; n = 124), subscapularis (5.4 %; n=14); left shoulder (55.1 %; n = 76), right shoulder (44.9 %; n = 62). Bilateral 1.4 % (n = 2). Right handed 96.3 % (n = 133); Personal history: smoking (19.5 %; n = 27), diabetes (7.2 %; n = 10); disease time averaged 6.08 months; acute-subacute pain (less than 3 months) 47.1; (n = 65), chronic pain (greater than 3 months) 52.9 % (n = 73). Radiological type: formative 75.3 % (n = 104); resorptive 24.7 % (n = 34). Average number of sessions: 20.5. Treatment complications 2.8 % (n = 4): intolerance/erythema/burn. Occupation: administrative 39.8 % (n = 55), manual jobs 60.2 % (n = 83). Average initial pain 7.3 points (VAS scale), significantly decreased (p = 0.0000) post treatment to 2.7. Initial average size of calcifications 10.7 mm and significantly decreased (p = 0.0000) post treatment to 3.8 mm. Change of calcification: success/cure rate 55.7 % (n = 77), improvement rate 20.2 % (n = 28); failure rate 23.9 % (n = 33). Functional limitation decreased from 10.8 % of patients to 2.1 %. Conclusions: CT is common in middle-aged working women. It affects supraspinatus tendon. It is associated with smoking and diabetes. Occupational risk factors include awkward positions and lighting weights. Iontophoresis with 5 % acetic acid and ultrasound is a safe, simple and inexpensive technique, capable to reduce pain and calcification, and recover functional limitation, with a recommended degree of scientific evidence (2B).

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          Most cited references32

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          Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for visual analog scales (VAS) measuring pain in patients treated for rotator cuff disease.

          The MCID is the smallest difference in an outcome score which a patient perceives as beneficial. The PASS is the score below which patients consider themselves well. The purpose of this study was to determine the MCID and PASS for a visual analog scale (VAS) measuring pain in patients treated for rotator cuff disease. 81 patients with rotator cuff disease were evaluated after 6 weeks of non-operative treatment with a VAS measuring pain and two transition questions utilized in determining the MCID and PASS. The MCID and PASS were estimated to be 1.4 cm (P = .0255) and 3 cm (95% CI - 22.69, 37.31) on a 10 cm VAS measuring pain, respectively. Age (P = .0492) and hand-dominance (P = .0325) affected the MCID while age (P = .0376) and duration of follow-up (P = .0131) affected the PASS. The MCID and PASS estimates provide the basis to determine if statistically significant changes in VAS pain scores after treatment are clinically important and if the treatment allowed patients to achieve a satisfactory state. Level 3; Nonconsecutive series of patients, diagnostic study.
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            Prognostic factors in nonoperative therapy for chronic symptomatic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.

            To define prognostic factors in chronically symptomatic patients with calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. We evaluated 420 patients (488 shoulders) in the context of a prospective cohort study. Epidemiologic data were assessed. The radiographic and sonographic appearance of the calcific deposits was classified. The mean period of nonoperative therapy was 4.4 years (range 0.5-13.7 years). After referral to our institution, standardized nonoperative therapy was continued for a minimum of 3 months. Failure of nonoperative therapy was defined as the persistence of symptomatic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder after a minimum of 6 months. Prognostic factors (determined at P < 0.05 by chi-square test) were analyzed by logistic regression. Of the 420 patients, 269 (64%) were women, 151 (36%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 51.3 years (range 28-84 years). Occurrence of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder was unilateral in 84% and bilateral in 16%. Gärtner type I calcific deposits were found in 37%, type II in 32%, and type III in 31%. Failure of nonoperative therapy was observed in 114 patients (27%). Negative prognostic factors were bilateral occurrence of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder, localization to the anterior portion of the acromion, medial (subacromial) extension, and high volume of the calcific deposit. Positive prognostic factors were a Gärtner type III deposit and a lack of sonographic sound extinction of the calcific deposit. Our findings demonstrate the existence of prognostic factors in the nonoperative treatment of chronic symptomatic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Guidelines for optimal treatment can be implemented according to these factors to avoid a long-term symptomatic disease course.
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              Acetic acid iontophoresis and ultrasound for the treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder: a randomized control trial.

              To assess the effects of acetic acid iontophoresis (AAI) and ultrasound on calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder, and to determine the relation between changes in the radiological measures of calcium deposit (CD) and shoulder function. Randomized control trial. General community, private practice. Twenty-two adults (7 men, 15 women) with a calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder, without associated conditions, stratified according to the type of lesions (X-ray: type I, fleecy appearance: type II, homogeneous), were randomly allocated to an experimental (EXP, n = 11) or to a control (CTL, n = 10) group. CTL group, no treatment; EXP group, nine treatments including AAI (5% acetic acid solution via the negative electrode, 5mA galvanic current, 20 minutes) followed by continuous ultrasound (0.8w/cm2, 1MHz, 5 minutes). Area and density of the CD, passive shoulder abduction (range of motion [ROM]), pain intensity. Significant reduction in the area and density of CD (ANCOVA, p = .01 and .03) over time in the EXP and CTL groups, but no significant difference between groups for any of the variables measured. The decrease in the area of CD in type I lesions (n = 5) was larger (Mann-Whitney U test, p < .01) than in type II (n = 16) lesions. The relation was stronger (rs = .90) between changes in area and density of CD than between ROM and pain (rs = -.67). Correlations were weak (rs = .21 to .41) between radiological and functional changes. The reduction in CD area and density likely results from a natural process rather than treatment (AAI and ultrasound); type I lesions (resorptive phase) are more likely to display resorption of the CD than type II lesions (formative phase). Reduction of the CD area does not necessary result in a functional improvement.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                December 2020
                : 27
                : 6
                : 340-348
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Santa Cristina orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación España
                Article
                S1134-80462020000600004 S1134-8046(20)02700600004
                10.20986/resed.2020.3842/2020
                b0c4f147-fe85-4b93-9f2d-c97b987783c4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 December 2020
                : 31 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                ultrasonido,Iontoforesis,shoulder,pain,ultrasound,Iontophoresis,tendinitis calcificante,calcific tendinitis,hombro,dolor

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