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      Economic evaluations with agent-based modelling: an introduction.

      1 ,
      PharmacoEconomics

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          Abstract

          Agent-based modelling (ABM) is a relatively new technique, which overcomes some of the limitations of other methods commonly used for economic evaluations. These limitations include linearity, homogeneity and stationarity. Agents in ABMs are autonomous entities, who interact with each other and with the environment. ABMs provide an inductive or 'bottom-up' approach, i.e. individual-level behaviours define system-level components. ABMs have a unique property to capture emergence phenomena that otherwise cannot be predicted by the combination of individual-level interactions. In this tutorial, we discuss the basic concepts and important features of ABMs. We present a case study of an application of a simple ABM to evaluate the cost effectiveness of screening of an infectious disease. We also provide our model, which was developed using an open-source software program, NetLogo. We discuss software, resources, challenges and future research opportunities of ABMs for economic evaluations.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Pharmacoeconomics
          PharmacoEconomics
          1179-2027
          1170-7690
          May 2015
          : 33
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Health Services Research, Unit 1444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA, jchhatwal@mdanderson.org.
          Article
          10.1007/s40273-015-0254-2
          25609398
          b10c4a1d-5be2-41a2-93c3-b844a5afcbd5
          History

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