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      Cuestionamientos éticos a la generación de conocimiento en la investigación biomédica con animales no humanos Translated title: Qüestionaments ètics a la generació de coneixement en la investigació biomèdica amb animals no humans Translated title: Ethical issues in the generation of knowledge in biomedical research using non-human animals

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          Abstract

          Resumen El uso de animales para obtener conocimiento y desarrollar tratamientos para enfermedades humanas, se justifica argumentando que son similares a nosotros, pero, al mismo tiempo sus intereses se ignoran enfatizando que ellos son diferentes de nosotros, lo que se considera un doble estándar moral en la ciencia. Millones de animales son sometidos a dolor y sufrimiento cuando no siempre hay certeza de que se obtendrá un beneficio real, en ocasiones la extrapolación no es exitosa, los resultados no son aplicables o nunca se publican. ¿Qué tan éticos y válidos son los métodos que utilizamos para alcanzar nuestros objetivos? Los animales deberían ser considerados un grupo vulnerable a los que se extiendan algunos principios éticos establecidos en la Declaración de Helsinki.

          Translated abstract

          Resum L'ús d'animals per obtenir coneixement i desenvolupar tractaments per a malalties humanes es justifica argumentant que són similars a nosaltres, però, al mateix temps els seus interessos s'ignoren emfatitzant que ells són diferents de nosaltres, el que es considera un doble estàndard moral en la ciència. Milions d'animals són sotmesos a dolor i sofriment quan no sempre hi ha la certesa de que s'obtindrà un benefici real, de vegades l'extrapolació no és exitosa, els resultats no són aplicables o mai es publiquen. Què tan ètics i vàlids són els mètodes que utilitzem per assolir els nostres objectius? Els animals haurien de ser considerats un grup vulnerable als que afecten alguns principis ètics establerts en la Declaració d'Hèlsinki.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The use of animals to obtain knowledge and develop treatments for human diseases is justified by arguing that they are like us, yet their interests are ignored by emphasizing that they are not similar to us, which is considered a double moral standard in science. Millions of animals are subjected to pain and suffering, even when there is no certainty that a real benefit will be obtained. Sometimes extrapolation is not successful, results are invalid, not applicable or even never published. Then, how ethical and valid are the methods we use to achieve our goals? We propose animals should be considered as a vulnerable group and to extend them some of the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki.

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          Are animal models predictive for humans?

          It is one of the central aims of the philosophy of science to elucidate the meanings of scientific terms and also to think critically about their application. The focus of this essay is the scientific term predict and whether there is credible evidence that animal models, especially in toxicology and pathophysiology, can be used to predict human outcomes. Whether animals can be used to predict human response to drugs and other chemicals is apparently a contentious issue. However, when one empirically analyzes animal models using scientific tools they fall far short of being able to predict human responses. This is not surprising considering what we have learned from fields such evolutionary and developmental biology, gene regulation and expression, epigenetics, complexity theory, and comparative genomics.
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            Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?

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              More than 3Rs: the importance of scientific validity for harm-benefit analysis of animal research.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bioetica
                Revista de Bioética y Derecho
                Rev. Bioética y Derecho
                Observatori de Bioètica i Dret - Cátedra UNESCO de Bioética (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1886-5887
                2020
                : 49
                : 173-189
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Mexico
                [1] Morelos orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
                Article
                S1886-58872020000200012 S1886-5887(20)00004900012
                b124528e-bf6d-4b70-9052-17b0ddccba43

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 December 2019
                : 28 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Bioética Animal

                mal-benefici,speciesism,animal experimentation,harm-benefit,value of knowledge,biomedical research,principis d'Hèlsinki,doble estàndard ètic,especisme,experimentació animal,ethical double-standard,valor del coneixement,investigació biomèdica,principios de Helsinki,doble estándar ético,especismo,experimentación animal,daño-beneficio,valor del conocimiento,investigación biomédica,Helsinki principles

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