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      Allostatic Load, Income, and Race Among Black and White Men in the United States

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          Abstract

          Research indicates that income is significantly associated with allostatic load (AL) and that this association may differ between White and Black Americans. Most existing income–AL link work focuses on women and less is known about this association among men. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined whether race moderates the association between income and AL among Black and White men in the United States ( n = 5,685). We find that, regardless of income levels, Black men have significantly higher prevalence of being in the high-AL group compared with high-income White men. Our findings suggest that Black men do not receive the same health benefits for increased income relative to their White counterparts.

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            A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data.

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            Relative risk is usually the parameter of interest in epidemiologic and medical studies. In this paper, the author proposes a modified Poisson regression approach (i.e., Poisson regression with a robust error variance) to estimate this effect measure directly. A simple 2-by-2 table is used to justify the validity of this approach. Results from a limited simulation study indicate that this approach is very reliable even with total sample sizes as small as 100. The method is illustrated with two data sets.
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              Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.

              Ilan Meyer (2003)
              In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. The author offers a conceptual framework for understanding this excess in prevalence of disorder in terms of minority stress--explaining that stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems. The model describes stress processes, including the experience of prejudice events, expectations of rejection, hiding and concealing, internalized homophobia, and ameliorative coping processes. This conceptual framework is the basis for the review of research evidence, suggestions for future research directions, and exploration of public policy implications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Am J Mens Health
                Am J Mens Health
                JMH
                spjmh
                American Journal of Men's Health
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                1557-9883
                1557-9891
                23 April 2022
                Mar-Apr 2022
                : 16
                : 2
                : 15579883221092290
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
                [2 ]Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
                [3 ]Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
                [4 ]Global Health Services and Administration, University of Maryland Global Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
                [5 ]Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
                [6 ]Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
                Author notes
                [*]Roland J. Thorpe Jr., Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Ste 708, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Email: rthorpe@ 123456jhu.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-645X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-0854
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-5887
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-4997
                Article
                10.1177_15579883221092290
                10.1177/15579883221092290
                9036348
                35466781
                b15fc342-d92e-49c6-8dc9-a53d3c8abc33
                © The Author(s) 2022

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 11 August 2021
                : 4 February 2022
                : 17 March 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute on Aging, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000049;
                Award ID: K02AG059140 - RJT
                Funded by: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100006545;
                Award ID: U54MD000214 - RJT
                Categories
                Racial and Ethnic Diversity and Disparity Issues
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                March-April 2022
                ts1

                black men,special populations,allostatic load,income,unequal returns

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