8
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Effect of the different 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination uptakes on the invasive pneumococcal disease in children: Analysis of a hospital-based and population-based surveillance study in Madrid, Spain, 2007-2015

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          In the Community of Madrid, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) replaced the 7-valent (PCV7) in the fully government-funded Regional Immunization Program (RIP) in May, 2010, but was later excluded in May, 2012, and included again in January, 2015. These unique changes allowed us to assess the impact of the different pneumococcal vaccination policies on PCV13 uptake in infants and on the incidence rate (IR) of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children <15 years old. In this prospective, active, surveillance study, we estimated PCV13 uptakes, IR and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for total IPD and for IPD caused by PCV13- and non-PCV13 serotypes in children <15 years, stratified by age, in four periods with different vaccination policies: fully government-funded PCV7 vaccination, fully government-funded PCV13, mixed public/private funding and only private funding. Vaccine uptakes reached 95% in periods with public-funded pneumococcal vaccination, but fell to 67% in the private funding period. Overall, IR of IPD decreased by 68% (p<0.001) in 2014–15, due to 93% reduction in the IR of PCV13-type IPD (p<0.001) without significant changes in non-PCV13-type IPD. A fully government-funded PCV13 vaccination program lead to high vaccine uptake and dramatic reductions in both overall and PCV13-type IPD IR. When this program was switched to private PCV13 vaccination, there was a fall in vaccine coverage and stagnation in the decline of PCV13-type IPD with data suggesting a weakening of herd immunity.

          Related collections

          Most cited references25

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance.

          In 2000, seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the USA and resulted in dramatic reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and moderate increases in non-PCV7 type IPD. In 2010, PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the US immunisation schedule. We aimed to assess the effect of use of PCV13 in children on IPD in children and adults in the USA.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA.

            The accurate diagnosis of pneumococcal disease has frequently been hampered not only by the difficulties in obtaining isolates of the organism from patient specimens but also by the misidentification of pneumococcus-like viridans group streptococci (P-LVS) as Streptococcus pneumoniae. This is especially critical when the specimen comes from the respiratory tract. In this study, three novel real-time PCR assays designed for the detection of specific sequence regions of the lytA, ply, and psaA genes were developed (lytA-CDC, ply-CDC, and psaA, respectively). These assays showed high sensitivity (<10 copies for lytA-CDC and ply-CDC and an approximately twofold less sensitivity for psaA). Two additional real-time PCR assays for lytA and ply described previously for pneumococcal DNA detection were also evaluated. A panel of isolates consisting of 67 S. pneumoniae isolates (44 different serotypes and 3 nonencapsulated S. pneumoniae isolates from conjunctivitis outbreaks) and 104 nonpneumococcal isolates was used. The 67 S. pneumoniae isolates were reactive in all five assays. The new real-time detection assays targeting the lytA and psaA genes were the most specific for the detection of isolates confirmed to be S. pneumoniae, with lytA-CDC showing the greatest specificity. Both ply PCRs were positive for all isolates of S. pseudopneumoniae, along with 13 other isolates of other P-LVS isolates confirmed to be non-S. pneumoniae by DNA-DNA reassociation. Thus, the use of the ply gene for the detection of pneumococci can lead to false-positive reactions in the presence of P-LVS. The five assays were applied to 15 culture-positive cerebrospinal fluid specimens with 100% sensitivity; and serum and ear fluid specimens were also evaluated. Both the lytA-CDC and psaA assays, particularly the lytA-CDC assay, have improved specificities compared with those of currently available assays and should therefore be considered the assays of choice for the detection of pneumococcal DNA, particularly when upper respiratory P-LVS might be present in the clinical specimen.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in suspected cases of meningitis and septicemia using real-time PCR.

              A single-tube 5' nuclease multiplex PCR assay was developed on the ABI 7700 Sequence Detection System (TaqMan) for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, serum, and whole blood. Capsular transport (ctrA), capsulation (bexA), and pneumolysin (ply) gene targets specific for N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, and S. pneumoniae, respectively, were selected. Using sequence-specific fluorescent-dye-labeled probes and continuous real-time monitoring, accumulation of amplified product was measured. Sensitivity was assessed using clinical samples (CSF, serum, plasma, and whole blood) from culture-confirmed cases for the three organisms. The respective sensitivities (as percentages) for N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, and S. pneumoniae were 88.4, 100, and 91.8. The primer sets were 100% specific for the selected culture isolates. The ctrA primers amplified meningococcal serogroups A, B, C, 29E, W135, X, Y, and Z; the ply primers amplified pneumococcal serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10A, 11A, 12, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 31, and 33; and the bexA primers amplified H. influenzae types b and c. Coamplification of two target genes without a loss of sensitivity was demonstrated. The multiplex assay was then used to test a large number (n = 4,113) of culture-negative samples for the three pathogens. Cases of meningococcal, H. influenzae, and pneumococcal disease that had not previously been confirmed by culture were identified with this assay. The ctrA primer set used in the multiplex PCR was found to be more sensitive (P < 0.0001) than the ctrA primers that had been used for meningococcal PCR testing at that time.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                16 February 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 2
                : e0172222
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
                [2 ]Pediatric Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
                [3 ]Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
                [4 ]Pediatric ICU, Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
                [5 ]Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
                [6 ]Pediatric Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
                [7 ]Pediatric Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain and CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
                [8 ]Pediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
                [9 ]Medical Department, Pfizer SLU, Madrid, Spain
                Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina, PORTUGAL
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: J.P. reports grants and non-financial support from Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain during the conduct of the study, grants and non-financial support from Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain, and grants from GSK, Madrid, Spain, outside the submitted work. J.R-C. reports personal fees from Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain, during the conduct of the study, and grants from Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain, outside the submitted work. J.C-F., S.N., E.O. and T.H-S. report grants from Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain during the conduct of the study. F.B. has nothing to disclose C.M. reports grants from Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain, during the conduct of the study; and is an employee of Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials if there is a previous authorization by the corresponding hospital(s).

                • Conceptualization: JP JR-C CM.

                • Data curation: CM.

                • Formal analysis: JP JR-C CM.

                • Funding acquisition: CM.

                • Investigation: JP JR-C JC-F SN FB TH-S EO CM.

                • Methodology: JP JR-C CM.

                • Project administration: JP JR-C CM.

                • Resources: CM.

                • Software: CM.

                • Supervision: JP JR-C CM.

                • Validation: JP JR-C CM.

                • Visualization: JP JR-C CM.

                • Writing – original draft: JP JR-C JC-F SN FB TH-S EO CM.

                • Writing – review & editing: JP JR-C JC-F SN FB TH-S EO CM.

                ¶ Membership of the Heracles Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgements

                Article
                PONE-D-16-41667
                10.1371/journal.pone.0172222
                5312951
                28207888
                b172e530-8188-427f-80f5-35fd8f37f09c
                © 2017 Picazo et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 October 2016
                : 1 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Pages: 14
                Funding
                Funded by: Pfizer SLU (Spain)
                This work was supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer S.L.U., Madrid, Spain. The funder played an indirect role through the participation of a co-author in study design, coordination of study centers, critical revision and final approval of the manuscript, and the agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Preventive Medicine
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Vaccines
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Vaccines
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Preventive Medicine
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Vaccines
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Immunology
                Immunity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Immunology
                Immunity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Bacterial Diseases
                Bacteremia
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System
                Meningitis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Neurology
                Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System
                Meningitis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Inflammatory Diseases
                Meningitis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pulmonology
                Pneumonia
                Custom metadata
                Data from patients are specially protected by law in Spain and cannot be available for public use. Hospitals are guardians of clinical histories where all information is recorded. Dr. Fernando Gonzalez-Romo ( fernandovacunas@ 123456ya.com ) from H. Clínico Universitario San Carlos is the person to be contacted.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article