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      Towards Improved Linkage of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Health: A Review

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          Abstract

          Climate change and climate-sensitive disasters significantly impact health. Linking Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) is essential for addressing these ever present, complex and increasing risks. Recent calls have been made to build these links in health. However, there is a need to clearly articulate why linking DRR and CCA is important in health. Furthermore, little is known about how DRR and CCA should be linked in health. By extensively examining relevant literature, this review presents the current state of knowledge of linking DRR and CCA in health. This includes the potential for maximising conceptual synergies such as building resilience, and reducing vulnerability and risk. Additionally, technical and operational synergies are identified to link DRR and CCA in health, including: policy, Early Warning Systems, vulnerability and risk assessment, health systems strengthening, infrastructure resilience, disaster preparedness and response, and health impact pathways. Public health actors have a central role in building these links due to their expertise, work functions, and experience in addressing complex health risks. The review concludes with recommendations for future research, including how to better link DRR and CCA in health; and the opportunities, challenges and enablers to build and sustain these links.

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          Most cited references92

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          Heat stress and public health: a critical review.

          Heat is an environmental and occupational hazard. The prevention of deaths in the community caused by extreme high temperatures (heat waves) is now an issue of public health concern. The risk of heat-related mortality increases with natural aging, but persons with particular social and/or physical vulnerability are also at risk. Important differences in vulnerability exist between populations, depending on climate, culture, infrastructure (housing), and other factors. Public health measures include health promotion and heat wave warning systems, but the effectiveness of acute measures in response to heat waves has not yet been formally evaluated. Climate change will increase the frequency and the intensity of heat waves, and a range of measures, including improvements to housing, management of chronic diseases, and institutional care of the elderly and the vulnerable, will need to be developed to reduce health impacts.
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            Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach

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              What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health.

              Increased emphasis on community collaboration indicates the need for consensus regarding the definition of community within public health. This study examined whether members of diverse US communities described community in similar ways. To identify strategies to support community collaboration in HIV vaccine trials, qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 African Americans in Durham, NC; 26 gay men in San Francisco, Calif; 25 injection drug users in Philadelphia, Pa; and 42 HIV vaccine researchers across the United States. Verbatim responses to the question "What does the word community mean to you?" were analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to identify similarities in the way community was described. A common definition of community emerged as a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings. The participants differed in the emphasis they placed on particular elements of the definition. Community was defined similarly but experienced differently by people with diverse backgrounds. These results parallel similar social science findings and confirm the viability of a common definition for participatory public health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                18 April 2018
                April 2018
                : 15
                : 4
                : 793
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia; c.chu@ 123456griffith.edu.au
                [2 ]Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia; s.rutherford@ 123456griffith.edu.au
                [3 ]Griffith Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University, Gold Coast City 4222, Australia; b.mackey@ 123456griffith.edu.au
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: nicola.banwell@ 123456griffithuni.edu.au ; Tel.: +61-422-370-242
                Article
                ijerph-15-00793
                10.3390/ijerph15040793
                5923835
                29670057
                b17d9534-9dc9-48e0-8db3-82ab4a3bacf4
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 06 February 2018
                : 16 April 2018
                Categories
                Review

                Public health
                disaster,health,climate change,disaster risk reduction,climate change adaptation,integration,synergy,linking

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