Length and Timescales of Rift Faulting and Magma Intrusion: The Afar Rifting Cycle from 2005 to Present

Wright, Tim; Hamling, Ian J.; Belachew, Manahloh; Ebinger, Cynthia; Ayele, Atalay; Keir, Derek; Rowland, Julie; Yirgu, Gezahegn

doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152333

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Length and Timescales of Rift Faulting and Magma Intrusion: The Afar Rifting Cycle from 2005 to Present

Author(s): Cynthia Ebinger , Atalay Ayele , Derek Keir , Julie Rowland , Gezahegn Yirgu , Tim Wright , Manahloh Belachew , Ian Hamling

Publication date Created: April 2010

Publication date (Print): April 2010

Journal: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Publisher: Annual Reviews

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Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle.

Raffaella Montelli, Guust Nolet, F A Dahlen … (2004)

We present tomographic evidence for the existence of deep-mantle thermal convection plumes. P-wave velocity images show at least six well-resolved plumes that extend into the lowermost mantle: Ascension, Azores, Canary, Easter, Samoa, and Tahiti. Other less well-resolved plumes, including Hawaii, may also reach the lowermost mantle. We also see several plumes that are mostly confined to the upper mantle, suggesting that convection may be partially separated into two depth regimes. All of the observed plumes have diameters of several hundred kilometers, indicating that plumes convey a substantial fraction of the internal heat escaping from Earth.