Epigenetic and accelerated age in captive olive baboons ( Papio anubis), and relationships with walking speed and fine motor performance

Abstract

Epigenetic age, estimated by DNA methylation across the genome, reflects biological age. Accelerated age (i.e., an older methylation age than expected given chronological age) is an accepted aging biomarker in humans, showing robust associations with deleterious health outcomes, longevity, and mortality. However, data regarding age acceleration in nonhuman primates (NHPs), and relationships between NHP epigenetic age and behavioral indicators of aging, such as walking speed and fine motor performance, are sparse. We measured DNA methylation of 140 captive olive baboons ( Papio anubis) (84% female, 3-20 years-old), estimated their epigenetic ages, and classified them as showing age acceleration or deceleration. We found that epigenetic age was strongly correlated with chronological age, and that approximately 27% of the sample showed age acceleration and 28% showed age deceleration. We subsequently examined relationships between epigenetic and accelerated age and walking speed (N=129) and fine motor performance (N=39). Older animals showed slower speeds and poorer motor performance. However, the difference between the epigenetic age and chronological age, referred to as delta age, was not a consistent predictor of walking speed or fine motor performance. These data highlight the need for further examination of age acceleration across NHP species, and the ways that age acceleration may (not) be related to indicators of aging in NHP models.