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Abstract
Using GPS devices and digital cameras, we surveyed outdoor advertisements in Austin,
Los Angeles and Philadelphia. GIS and hot spot analysis revealed that unhealthy ads
were clustered around child-serving institutions in Los Angeles and Philadelphia but
not in Austin. Multivariate generalized least square (GLS) regression models showed
that percent black (p<0.04) was a significant positive predictor of clustering in
Philadelphia and percent white (p<0.06) was a marginally significant negative predictor
of clustering in Los Angeles after controlling for several land use variables. The
results emphasize the importance of zoning and land use regulations to protect children
from exposure to unhealthy commercial messages, particularly in neighborhoods with
significant racial/ethnic minority populations.