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      Why do we feel close to a person who expresses gratitude? Exploring mediating roles of perceived warmth, conscientiousness, and agreeableness

      research-article
      1 ,
      PsyCh Journal
      John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
      agreeableness, apology, closeness, conscientiousness, gratitude, warmth

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          Abstract

          The literature suggests that expressed gratitude improves the interpersonal relationship between a beneficiary and a benefactor. However, there is little research that has explored why thanking provides these positive effects, so this study investigated thanking mechanisms to explain reasons why people feel close to a beneficiary who expresses gratitude. This study also examines the effects of apologies, which are sometimes used to show gratitude in Japan. In this experimental study, 671 Japanese participants reported their perceived closeness, warmth, conscientiousness, and agreeableness to a hypothetical beneficiary who expressed gratitude, apologies, or both after a benefit was provided. The results revealed that benefactors who received a message indicating gratitude and both gratitude and apologies reported higher levels of closeness toward a beneficiary than those who received a message with only apologies and a message without either gratitude or apologies. A structural equation model further indicated that warmth and conscientiousness mediated the link between expressed gratitude/apologies and perceived closeness.

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          Most cited references62

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              Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses.

              G*Power is a free power analysis program for a variety of statistical tests. We present extensions and improvements of the version introduced by Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, and Buchner (2007) in the domain of correlation and regression analyses. In the new version, we have added procedures to analyze the power of tests based on (1) single-sample tetrachoric correlations, (2) comparisons of dependent correlations, (3) bivariate linear regression, (4) multiple linear regression based on the random predictor model, (5) logistic regression, and (6) Poisson regression. We describe these new features and provide a brief introduction to their scope and handling.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                imatatsu@nanzan-u.ac.jp
                Journal
                Psych J
                Psych J
                10.1002/(ISSN)2046-0260
                PCHJ
                PsyCh Journal
                John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd (Melbourne )
                2046-0252
                2046-0260
                20 September 2023
                February 2024
                : 13
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/pchj.v13.1 )
                : 79-89
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of British and American Studies Nanzan University Nagoya Japan
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Tatsuya Imai, Department of British and American Studies at Nanzan University, 18 Yamazato‐cho, Showa‐ku, Nagoya, Japan.

                Email: imatatsu@ 123456nanzan-u.ac.jp

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-3066
                Article
                PCHJ682
                10.1002/pchj.682
                10917096
                37727954
                b1d828c5-23c7-45b4-848c-3c7562d098fe
                © 2023 The Author. PsyCh Journal published by Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 June 2022
                : 31 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Pages: 11, Words: 9624
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                February 2024
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.3.9 mode:remove_FC converted:05.03.2024

                agreeableness,apology,closeness,conscientiousness,gratitude,warmth

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