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      Genetic and taxonomic relationships of five species of Rallidae (Aves: Gruiformes) based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences Translated title: Relações genéticas e taxonômicas de cinco espécies de Rallidae (Aves: Gruiformes) com base em sequências de subunidade I da citocromo oxidase mitochondrial

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT. This is the first study to detection the genetic relationship between Porphyrio alleni and four Rallidae species: Fulica atra, Gallinulla angulata, Gallinulla chloropus and Porphyrio porphyrio. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were used as an effective marker in this study. DNA of Rallidae species were extracted, amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. The results obtained from information based on COI sequences revealed that Gallinulla angulata and Gallinulla chloropus fall into two separate clades and they are not monophyletic. This suggests that, two moorhens could not be laid into the same genus. In addition, Porphyrio porphyrio was included in the same genus with Porphyrio alleni but they were situated in two different clades. Porphyrio alleni was more related to Gallinulla angulate, Gallinulla chloropus and Fulica atra than Porphyrio porphyrio. It was concluded that, the mitochondrial gene COI can aid in the differentiation of studied species and finding genetic relationships between them.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO. Este é o primeiro estudo para a detecção da relação genética entre Porphyrio alleni e quatro espécies de Rallidae: Fulica atra, Gallinulla angulata, Gallinulla chloropus e Porphyrio porphyrio. As seqüências de subunidade i (COI) do citocromo oxidase foram usadas como marcador efetivo neste estudo. O DNA das espécies Rallidae foi extraído, amplificado e usado na reação de cadeia da polimerase (polymerase chain reaction- PCR) e sequenciado então. Os resultados obtidos a partir de informações baseadas em sequências COI revelaram que Gallinulla angulata e Gallinulla chloropus caem em dois clades separados e eles não são monofiléticos. Isto sugere que duas galinhas d’água não puderam ser colocadas no mesmo gênero. Além disso, Porphyrio porphyrio incluído no mesmo gênero que Porphyrio alleni, mas eles estavam situados em dois clades diferentes. Porphyrio alleni estava mais relacionado com Gallinulla angulata, Gallinulla chloropus e Fulica atra do que com Porphyrio porphyrio. Concluiu-se que o gene mitocondrial COI pode ajudar na diferenciação de espécies estudadas e encontrar relações genéticas entre elas.

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          Most cited references20

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          MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.

          Comparative analysis of molecular sequence data is essential for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of species and inferring the nature and extent of selective forces shaping the evolution of genes and species. Here, we announce the release of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 5 (MEGA5), which is a user-friendly software for mining online databases, building sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees, and using methods of evolutionary bioinformatics in basic biology, biomedicine, and evolution. The newest addition in MEGA5 is a collection of maximum likelihood (ML) analyses for inferring evolutionary trees, selecting best-fit substitution models (nucleotide or amino acid), inferring ancestral states and sequences (along with probabilities), and estimating evolutionary rates site-by-site. In computer simulation analyses, ML tree inference algorithms in MEGA5 compared favorably with other software packages in terms of computational efficiency and the accuracy of the estimates of phylogenetic trees, substitution parameters, and rate variation among sites. The MEGA user interface has now been enhanced to be activity driven to make it easier for the use of both beginners and experienced scientists. This version of MEGA is intended for the Windows platform, and it has been configured for effective use on Mac OS X and Linux desktops. It is available free of charge from http://www.megasoftware.net.
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            Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds

            DNA barcoding seeks to assemble a standardized reference library for DNA-based identification of eukaryotic species. The utility and limitations of this approach need to be tested on well-characterized taxonomic assemblages. Here we provide a comprehensive DNA barcode analysis for North American birds including 643 species representing 93% of the breeding and pelagic avifauna of the USA and Canada. Most (94%) species possess distinct barcode clusters, with average neighbour-joining bootstrap support of 98%. In the remaining 6%, barcode clusters correspond to small sets of closely related species, most of which hybridize regularly. Fifteen (2%) currently recognized species are comprised of two distinct barcode clusters, many of which may represent cryptic species. Intraspecific variation is weakly related to census population size and species age. This study confirms that DNA barcoding can be effectively applied across the geographical and taxonomic expanse of North American birds. The consistent finding of constrained intraspecific mitochondrial variation in this large assemblage of species supports the emerging view that selective sweeps limit mitochondrial diversity.
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              Probing Evolutionary Patterns in Neotropical Birds through DNA Barcodes

              Background The Neotropical avifauna is more diverse than that of any other biogeographic region, but our understanding of patterns of regional divergence is limited. Critical examination of this issue is currently constrained by the limited genetic information available. This study begins to address this gap by assembling a library of mitochondrial COI sequences, or DNA barcodes, for Argentinian birds and comparing their patterns of genetic diversity to those of North American birds. Methodology and Principal Findings Five hundred Argentinian species were examined, making this the first major examination of DNA barcodes for South American birds. Our results indicate that most southern Neotropical bird species show deep sequence divergence from their nearest-neighbour, corroborating that the high diversity of this fauna is not based on an elevated incidence of young species radiations. Although species ages appear similar in temperate North and South American avifaunas, patterns of regional divergence are more complex in the Neotropics, suggesting that the high diversity of the Neotropical avifauna has been fueled by greater opportunities for regional divergence. Deep genetic splits were observed in at least 21 species, though distribution patterns of these lineages were variable. The lack of shared polymorphisms in species, even in species with less than 0.5M years of reproductive isolation, further suggests that selective sweeps could regularly excise ancestral mitochondrial polymorphisms. Conclusions These findings confirm the efficacy of species delimitation in birds via DNA barcodes, even when tested on a global scale. Further, they demonstrate how large libraries of a standardized gene region provide insight into evolutionary processes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asas
                Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences
                Acta Sci., Anim. Sci.
                Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1806-2636
                1807-8672
                2018
                : 40
                : e37184
                Affiliations
                [1] Damietta Damietta orgnameDamietta University orgdiv1Faculty of Science orgdiv2Department of Zoology Egypt
                Article
                S1807-86722018000100603 S1807-8672(18)04000000603
                10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.37184
                b1e3b4e5-653c-4e03-a868-c444ecf9d5ff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 May 2017
                : 31 July 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Animal Breeding and Reproduction

                filogenia,PCA,sequenciamento,Gruiformes,pássaros,species,sequencing,phylogeny,PCR,birds,espécies

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