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      Medidas angulares de la columna vertebral de adultos mayores activos y sedentarios Translated title: Spine angular measurements from active and sedentary elderly people

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          Abstract

          Resumen Se considera que la actividad física regulada y sistematizada conlleva beneficios para la salud en diferentes ámbitos para el adulto mayor, ya sean: composición corporal, sistema cardiovascular, nivel metabólico y endócrino, fuerza muscular, huesos, articulaciones y flexibilidad. Objetivo. Evaluar y comparar los ángulos de la columna entre dos grupos de adultos mayores: activos y sedentarios, utilizando el método de flexicurva. Métodos. Para este estudio participaron 30 adultos mayores, de los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos: 15 activos y 15 sedentarios (no presentaron diferencias cuanto a características antropométricas), entre 65 y 74 años. Para medir los ángulos de la columna vertebral (cervical, torácica y lumbar) se utiliza la flexicurva y el software Biomec Flex v.3.0. Resultados. Se obtuvo como resultado una diferencia significativa entre grupos en la medida de la columna cervical, donde solo los adultos mayores activos presentan medidas dentro de los parámetros normales, y los sedentarios presentaron hiperlordosis cervical. Las medidas de la columna lumbar presentaron valores de rectificación de la curvatura para ambos grupos (de acuerdo con los valores de referencia de la literatura). Conclusión. La curvatura de la columna cervical se mostró afectada en adultos mayores sedentarios del presente estudio, en comparación la curvatura de la columna de los adultos mayores activos. Además la rectificación de la curvatura de la columna lumbar y los cambios debido a esta postura deben ser considerados en la planificación de ejercicio físico en esta población.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Regulated and systematized physical activity is considered to have health benefits in different areas for the older adult, like: body composition, cardiovascular system, metabolic and endocrine level, muscle strength, bones, joints and flexibility. Purpose. Evaluate and compare the spinal angles between two groups of elderly people: active and sedentary, using the flexicurve method. Methods. Participated 30 elderly people, of which they were divided into two groups: 15 active and 15 sedentary (they did not present differences for anthropometric characteristics), between 65 and 74 years old. To measure the angles of the vertebral column (cervical, thoracic and lumbar) the flexicurve and the Biomec Flex software v.3.0 are used. Results. Significant difference was obtained between groups in the measurement of the cervical spine, where only active older adults presented measurements within normal parameters, and sedentary older adults presented cervical hyperlordosis. The lumbar spine measurements presented curvature rectification values for both groups (according to the reference values of the literature). Conclusion. The curvature of the cervical spine was affected in sedentary older adults in the present study, compared to the curvature of the spine in active older adults. Furthermore, the rectification of the curvature of the lumbar spine and the changes due to this posture should be considered in the planning of physical exercise in this population.

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          Health benefits of physical activity in older patients: a review.

          As the number of elderly persons in our country increases, more attention is being given to geriatric healthcare needs and successful ageing is becoming an important topic in medical literature. Concept of successful ageing is in first line on a preventive approach of care for older people. Promotion of regular physical activity is one of the main non-pharmaceutical measures proposed to older subjects as low rate of physical activity is frequently noticed in this age group. Moderate but regular physical activity is associated with a reduction in total mortality among older people, a positive effect on primary prevention of coronary heart disease and a significant benefit on the lipid profile. Improving body composition with a reduction in fat mass, reducing blood pressure and prevention of stroke, as well as type 2 diabetes, are also well established. Prevention of some cancers (especially that of breast and colon), increasing bone density and prevention of falls are also reported. Moreover, some longitudinal studies suggest that physical activity is linked to a reduced risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease in particular.
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            The International Physical Activity Questionnaire modified for the elderly: aspects of validity and feasibility.

            To modify the self-administered, short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for adults to be used in the elderly (aged 65 years and above), and to validate this modified IPAQ for the elderly (IPAQ-E). A direct validity study using accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) as the criterion measure, and an indirect criterion validity study using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a biological marker of activity. Organisations for retired persons in Sweden. The direct validity study consisted of fifty-four participants and the indirect criterion validity study consisted of 359 participants. All participants were retired persons (66-91 years) living independently. All self-reported activity domains (sitting, walking, moderate and vigorous) were positively correlated with the corresponding variable objectively assessed by an accelerometer (ρ = 0·277-0·471), but a systematic error was observed. The specificity of IPAQ-E to identify low-active participants was 85 %, and the sensitivity to identify the more active participants was 81 %. A main effect of IPAQ-E category (Low, Moderate or High) was observed for hs-CRP (P = 0·041). We found this modified version of IPAQ, the IPAQ-E, to be well accepted by our sample of socially active elderly. It provided acceptable estimates of PA, well in line with other questionnaires, even though it had a systematic error. The IPAQ-E was able to identify an expected response of a biomarker (hs-CRP) to PA. We recommend the use of the IPAQ-E to classify participants aged 65 years and above into PA categories, to rank individuals or to identify individuals meeting certain PA criteria.
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              Targeted spine strengthening exercise and posture training program to reduce hyperkyphosis in older adults: results from the study of hyperkyphosis, exercise, and function (SHEAF) randomized controlled trial.

              A 6-month randomized controlled trial of spine-strengthening exercise and posture training reduced both radiographic and clinical measures of kyphosis. Participants receiving the intervention improved self-image and satisfaction with their appearance. Results suggest that spine-strengthening exercise and postural training may be an effective treatment option for older adults with hyperkyphosis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jonnpr
                Journal of Negative and No Positive Results
                JONNPR
                Research and Science S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2529-850X
                2021
                : 6
                : 1
                : 68-83
                Affiliations
                [2] Paysandú orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1CENUR Litoral Norte orgdiv2Centro Universitario Paysandú Uruguay
                [1] Paysandú orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte orgdiv2Centro Universitario Paysandú Uruguay
                Article
                S2529-850X2021000100006 S2529-850X(21)00600100006
                10.19230/jonnpr.3944
                b1ffd056-be3b-48fc-9f3c-556677cad85d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 October 2020
                : 21 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original

                postura,photogrammetry,posture,ageing,fotogrametría,Envejecimiento

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