Prediction of Patients with COVID-19 Requiring Intensive Care: A Cross-sectional Study Based on Machine-learning Approach from Iran

A bstract

Background

Prioritizing the patients requiring intensive care may decrease the fatality of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Aims and objectives

To develop, validate, and compare two models based on machine-learning methods for predicting patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care.

Materials and methods

In 2021, 506 suspected COVID-19 patients, with clinical presentations along with radiographic findings, were laboratory confirmed and included in the study. The primary end-point was patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care, defined as actual admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). The data were randomly partitioned into training and testing sets (70% and 30%, respectively) without overlapping. A decision-tree algorithm and multivariate logistic regression were performed to develop the models for predicting the cases based on their first 24 hours data. The predictive performance of the models was compared based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and accuracy of the models.

Results

A 10-fold cross-validation decision-tree model predicted cases requiring intensive care with the AUC, accuracy, and sensitivity of 97%, 98%, and 94.74%, respectively. The same values in the machine-learning logistic regression model were 75%, 85.62%, and 55.26%, respectively. Creatinine, smoking, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, temperature, respiratory rate, partial thromboplastin time, white blood cell, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), dizziness, international normalized ratio, O ₂ saturation, C-reactive protein, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and dry cough were the most important predictors.

Conclusion

In an Iranian population, our decision-based machine-learning method offered an advantage over logistic regression for predicting patients requiring intensive care. This method can support clinicians in decision-making, using patients’ early data, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where their resources are as limited as Iran.

How to cite this article

Sabetian G, Azimi A, Kazemi A, Hoseini B, Asmarian N, Khaloo V, et al. Prediction of Patients with COVID-19 Requiring Intensive Care: A Cross-sectional Study based on Machine-learning Approach from Iran. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(6):688–695.

Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.REC.1399.018).