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      Viral metagenomics reveal blooms of anelloviruses in the respiratory tract of lung transplant recipients.

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          Abstract

          Few studies have examined the lung virome in health and disease. Outcomes of lung transplantation are known to be influenced by several recognized respiratory viruses, but global understanding of the virome of the transplanted lung is incomplete. To define the DNA virome within the respiratory tract following lung transplantation we carried out metagenomic analysis of allograft bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and compared with healthy and HIV+ subjects. Viral concentrates were purified from BAL and analyzed by shotgun DNA sequencing. All of the BAL samples contained reads mapping to anelloviruses, with high proportions in lung transplant samples. Anellovirus populations in transplant recipients were complex, with multiple concurrent variants. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification revealed that anellovirus sequences were 56-fold more abundant in BAL from lung transplant recipients compared with healthy controls or HIV+ subjects (p < 0.0001). Anellovirus sequences were also more abundant in upper respiratory tract specimens from lung transplant recipients than controls (p = 0.006). Comparison to metagenomic data on bacterial populations showed that high anellovirus loads correlated with dysbiotic bacterial communities in allograft BAL (p = 0.008). Thus the respiratory tracts of lung transplant recipients contain high levels and complex populations of anelloviruses, warranting studies of anellovirus lung infection and transplant outcome.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Am. J. Transplant.
          American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
          1600-6143
          1600-6135
          Jan 2015
          : 15
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
          Article
          NIHMS633077
          10.1111/ajt.13031
          25403800
          b20abe9b-b67e-48f9-b18d-152c91b9bdaf
          © Copyright 2014 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.
          History

          immunosuppression/immune modulation,lung transplantation/pulmonology,lung transplantation: living donor,microbiomics,molecular biology,translational research/science

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