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      Incidence and management of etoposide hypersensitivity in pediatrics Translated title: Incidencia y manejo de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad de etopósido en pacientes pediátricos

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Etoposide is widely used in pediatric chemotherapy. At the moment, there is conflicting data in the literature on the incidence of etoposide hypersensitivity. The aim of this study is to assess etoposide hypersensitivity incidence and to evaluate potential risk factors for hypersensitivity in pediatrics. Methods: Retrospective study of pediatric patients treated with etoposide since June 2013 until September 2020. Symptoms of hypersensitivity, grade of hypersensitivity reaction according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events guidelines and management of hypersensitivity reaction data were collected. Results: 213 patients were treated with etoposide during the period of the study. The mean age was 6.8 (range 0.2-17 years), 58.7% were male. Doses administered ranged from 100-200 mg/m2 and from 2.5-6 mg/kg, median infusion rate was 55 (2-200) mg/h and median infusion concentration was 0.3 (0.2-0.5) mg/ml. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 23 (10.8%) patients, 3 and 20 cases were classified as grade I and II respectively. All hypersensitivity reactions were successfully managed with medication and reduction of the infusion rate. No statistical significant association between the variables collected and the apparition of hypersensitivity reactions was found. Conclusions: The incidence of hypersensitivity reaction was higher than the described in the summary of products characteristics. All reactions were mild being resolved by standard treatment.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Existen datos contradictorios en la literatura sobre la incidencia de hipersensibilidad a etopósido. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de hipersensibilidad asociada a etopósido y posibles factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes pediátricos en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes pediátricos tratados con etopósido desde junio de 2013 hasta septiembre de 2020. Se recogieron los datos acerca de síntomas asociados a la reacción de hipersensibilidad, grado de la reacción de hipersensibilidad según la Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Guidelines y el manejo de la reacción de hipersensibilidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 213 pacientes tratados con etopósido. La mediana de edad fue de 6,75 (rango 0,16-17 años), el 58,68% eran hombres. Las dosis administradas variaron entre 100- 200 mg/m2 y 2,5-6 mg/kg, las medianas de velocidad de infusión y concentración fueron 55 (2-200) mg/h y 0,3 (0,2-0,5) mg/ml respectivamente. Las reacciones de hipersensibilidad ocurrieron en 23 (10,8%) pacientes, clasificadas como grado I (3) y II (20). Todas las reacciones fueron manejadas con éxito mediante medicación y reducción de la velocidad de infusión. No se encontró asociación estadística entre las variables evaluadas y las reacciones de hipersensibilidad. Conclusiones: La incidencia de reacciones de hipersensibilidad fue superior a la descrita en ficha técnica. Todas las reacciones fueron moderadas y manejadas con tratamiento estándar

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          Polysorbate 80 in medical products and nonimmunologic anaphylactoid reactions.

          Polyoxyethylene-sorbitan-20-monooleate (also known as polysorbate 80 and Tween 80) is a solubilizing agent ubiquitously used in nutritives, creams, ointments, lotions, and multiple medical preparations (e.g., vitamin oils, vaccines, and anticancer agents) and as an additive in tablets. Whereas its relevance as a contact allergen has declined during the past decades, it is of current relevance as a "hidden" inductor of anaphylactoid reactions. To identify polysorbate 80 (generally believed to be an inert vehicle) as an inductor of a severe anaphylactoid reaction. Skin prick testing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IgE immunoblotting, and flow cytometric detection of basophil activation were performed in controls and in a patient with a medical history of anaphylactic shock due to intravenous administration of a multivitamin product during pregnancy. Polysorbate 80 was identified as the causative agent for the anaphylactoid reaction of nonimmunologic origin in the patient. Polysorbate specific IgE antibodies were not identified in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot examinations, confirming the nonimmunologic nature of the anaphylactoid reaction. Polysorbate 80 is a ubiquitously used solubilizing agent that can cause severe nonimmunologic anaphylactoid reactions.
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            Anaphylaxis in Children: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Management.

            Anaphylaxis is defined as a serious, generalized or systemic allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It is unpredictable and can be the result of various allergic triggers including food, insect venom and medication. The European Anaphylaxis Registry confirmed food as the major elicitor of anaphylaxis in children, specifically hen's egg, cow's milk and nuts.
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              Acute hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide in a VEPA regimen for Hodgkin's disease.

              We report an unexpectedly high incidence of hypersensitivity to etoposide among 45 patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease treated with vinblastine, etoposide, prednisone, and doxorubicin (VEPA) plus radiation. Twenty-three of 45 patients (51%) had one or more acute hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide administration. The 23 patients were 8 to 18 years of age (median, 15 years); 12 were males. Four patients had experienced prior allergic reactions to antibiotics or intravenous contrast media. Hypersensitivity reactions followed the first or second dose of VEPA in most cases. The reactions occurred at a median time of 5 minutes (range, 3 to 120) from the start of the etoposide infusion. Fifteen patients reacted early (within 10 minutes), four midway through the infusion, and four after completion of the infusion. Signs and symptoms included flushing, respiratory problems, changes in blood pressure, and abdominal pain with or without nausea and vomiting. Respiratory problems included dyspnea, chest pain/tightness, bronchospasm, and cyanosis. Symptoms were alleviated by discontinuing the etoposide infusions and administering diphenhydramine and/or hydrocortisone; epinephrine was required to reverse bronchospasm in three cases. All 23 patients recovered without adverse sequelae and were rechallenged with etoposide. Fifteen patients tolerated subsequent etoposide infused at a slower rate, with antihistamine and/or corticosteroid premedication; five had recurrent hypersensitivity despite these measures. Three of these five developed similar symptoms when teniposide was substituted for etoposide. Three patients who had isolated episodes of hypotension on completion of the etoposide infusion successfully received subsequent infusions without premedication or change in infusion rate or concentration. Despite this unexpectedly high incidence of hypersensitivity among Hodgkin's disease patients treated with etoposide, rechallenge with the drug was successful in 78% of cases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                September 2022
                : 32
                : 3
                : 235-237
                Affiliations
                [1] Seville orgnameHospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío Spain
                Article
                S1699-714X2022000300004 S1699-714X(22)03200300004
                10.4321/s1699-714x2022000300004
                b295b471-93e7-4b53-bcd5-6c9d5afc914f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 December 2020
                : 19 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 8, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originals

                Etopósido,Etoposide,hypersensitivity,incidence,pediatrics,hipersensibilidad,incidencia,pediatría

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