Conciliación de la medicación al ingreso en el servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatológica

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Abstract

Resumen Introducción: Identificar las discrepancias existentes entre la medicación prescrita al ingreso en el servicio de traumatología y la medicación habitual de los pacientes, determinar la prevalencia de errores de conciliación y analizar el grado de aceptación de las intervenciones farmacéuticas realizadas para su resolución. Método: Estudio prospectivo de dos años de duración en un hospital comarcal público de España donde se seleccionaron los pacientes ingresados en traumatología con alguna medicación domiciliaria prescrita. Tras 24-48 horas del ingreso, el farmacéutico realizó la conciliación de la medicación, comparando la orden médica prescrita al ingreso con el tratamiento domiciliario. Se identificaron las discrepancias comunicándose al médico y se analizó el grado de aceptación de las recomendaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 756 pacientes, con un total de 834 episodios de hospitalización; 66,1% mujeres, edad media: 72±12,3 años, media de medicamentos domiciliarios por paciente: 8,1±4,3. Se analizaron 8422 prescripciones, identificándose un 57,5% de discrepancias. La mayoría de las discrepancias no justificadas se debieron a omisión de medicamento (75,2%), seguido de la modificación de la posología o vía de un medicamento (19,1%). En el 87,4% de los episodios se encontró al menos una discrepancia. Las recomendaciones propuestas por el farmacéutico fueron aceptadas en el 69,9% de los casos. Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de errores de conciliación al ingreso en el servicio de traumatología. Esta metodología ha permitido la coordinación del farmacéutico con el resto de los profesionales implicados en la conciliación de la medicación, con el fin de detectar y resolver las discrepancias de medicación y reducir así los errores.

Translated abstract

Abstract Introduction: We aim to describe a method that would ensure continuity of patient care as regards drug therapy at admission to the orthopaedic surgery and traumatology department, identify the reconciliation discrepancies, determine the prevalence of reconciliation errors and analyse the acceptance of the pharmacist interventions. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted for two years in a regional public hospital in Spain. The study included patients hospitalized in the Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department with chronic medication prescribed. At 24-48 hours after hospital admission, the pharmacist compared the pre-admission pharmacological treatment of patients with the medication received in hospital to identify and reconciliation discrepancies. They were communicated and we analysed the acceptance of the pharmacist interventions. Results: The study included 756 patients, with a total of 834 hospitalization episodes, 66,1% of whom were women, mean age: 72±12,3 years and a mean of 8,1±4,3 drugs. We analysed 8422 prescriptions, 57,5% reconciliation discrepancies. The most frequent unjustified discrepancies were drug omission (75,2%), following by modification of the dose or route of administration (19,1%). There was at least one medication reconciliation discrepancy in 87,4% of hospitalization episodes. Pharmacist recommendations were accepted in 69,9% of cases. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of reconciliation errors among patients admitted to the Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department. This methodology has allowed a workflow to be established that facilitates coordination between the pharmacist and others healthcare providers, to identify and resolve medication discrepancies to reduce medication errors.

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Most cited references 23

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Unintended medication discrepancies at the time of hospital admission.

S. Knowles, David Juurlink, Steven Shadowitz … (2005)

Prior studies suggest that unintended medication discrepancies that represent errors are common at the time of hospital admission. These errors are particularly worthy of attention because they are not likely to be detected by computerized physician order entry systems. We prospectively studied patients reporting the use of at least 4 regular prescription medications who were admitted to general internal medicine clinical teaching units. The primary outcome was unintended discrepancies (errors) between the physicians' admission medication orders and a comprehensive medication history obtained through interview. We also evaluated the potential seriousness of these discrepancies. All discrepancies were reviewed with the medical team to determine if they were intentional or unintentional. All unintended discrepancies were rated for their potential to cause patient harm. After screening 523 admissions, 151 patients were enrolled based on the inclusion criteria. Eighty-one patients (53.6%; 95% confidence interval, 45.7%-61.6%) had at least 1 unintended discrepancy. The most common error (46.4%) was omission of a regularly used medication. Most (61.4%) of the discrepancies were judged to have no potential to cause serious harm. However, 38.6% of the discrepancies had the potential to cause moderate to severe discomfort or clinical deterioration. Medication errors at the time of hospital admission are common, and some have the potential to cause harm. Better methods of ensuring an accurate medication history at the time of hospital admission are needed.

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Frequency, type and clinical importance of medication history errors at admission to hospital: a systematic review.

Vincent C Tam, Sandra R Knowles, Patricia L Cornish … (2005)

Over a quarter of hospital prescribing errors are attributable to incomplete medication histories being obtained at the time of admission. We undertook a systematic review of studies describing the frequency, type and clinical importance of medication history errors at hospital admission. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL for articles published from 1966 through April 2005 and bibliographies of papers subsequently retrieved from the search. We reviewed all published studies with quantitative results that compared prescription medication histories obtained by physicians at the time of hospital admission with comprehensive medication histories. Three reviewers independently abstracted data on methodologic features and results. We identified 22 studies involving a total of 3755 patients (range 33-1053, median 104). Errors in prescription medication histories occurred in up to 67% of cases: 10%- 61% had at least 1 omission error (deletion of a drug used before admission), and 13%- 22% had at least 1 commission error (addition of a drug not used before admission); 60%- 67% had at least 1 omission or commission error. Only 5 studies (n = 545 patients) explicitly distinguished between unintentional discrepancies and intentional therapeutic changes through discussions with ordering physicians. These studies found that 27%- 54% of patients had at least 1 medication history error and that 19%- 75% of the discrepancies were unintentional. In 6 of the studies (n = 588 patients), the investigators estimated that 11%-59% of the medication history errors were clinically important. Medication history errors at the time of hospital admission are common and potentially clinically important. Improved physician training, accessible community pharmacy databases and closer teamwork between patients, physicians and pharmacists could reduce the frequency of these errors.